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• Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Braastad, Bjarne Olai; Dale, Svein; Dervo, Børre Kind; Kausrud, Kyrre Linné & Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Assessment of the risks posed by domestic cats (Felis catus) to biodiversity and animal welfare in Norway. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biodiversity of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2023(23), s. 1–228. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  VKM has evaluated to what extent keeping of cats pose a risk to biodiversity in Norway. Risks were assessed separately for threats to biodiversity from direct predation, indirect (non-lethal) effects, competition with other wildlife and spread of infectious organisms. VKM also assessed the risk of reduced animal welfare related to the keeping of domestic cats, both for the cats and their prey. In addition, VKM has assessed a range of risk-reducing measures aimed at minimizing the risk for negative impacts on biodiversity and animal welfare. Overall, VKM find that the risk of negative impact on vulnerable birds and red-listed mammalian species are high under certain conditions. VKM also find that there is a considerable risk associated with increased spread of infectious organisms from cats to wildlife and other domestic species. Some of these infectious organisms may also infect humans. With respect to mitigation measures, VKM concludes that measures focused on limiting cats’ access to prey populations are likely to yield the most positive outcomes in terms of mitigating the adverse impact on biodiversity.

• Hindar, Kjetil; Bodin, Johanna Eva; Duale, Nur; Jevnaker, Anne-Marthe Ganes; Garseth, Åse Helen & Malmstrøm, Martin [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified sterile VIRGIN® Atlantic salmon for use in research trials in aquaculture sea-cages. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2023:20, s. 1–94. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  One of the substantial environmental challenges posed by the aquaculture industry is the escape of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which can mate with wild Atlantic salmon and alter the genetic composition of the wild populations. One potential solution to mitigate this issue is the cultivation of sterile salmon in aquaculture. Atlantic salmon can be made sterile by pressure or temperature treatment of newly fertilized eggs to produce triploids, which are functionally sterile due to their unpaired chromosomes. However, these triploids often perform poorly on commercial fish farms and the production of triploid salmon in Norway is put on hold due to welfare issues of the fish.

• Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard; Bryn, Anders; Flø, Daniel; Malmstrøm, Martin; Velle, Gaute & Berg, Paul Ragnar [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from private import and keeping of Northern Cardinal. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biodiversity of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2023(18), s. 1–87. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  VKM has evaluated the risk to biodiversity from allowing private import and keeping of the Northern Cardinal as a caged bird in Norway, for birds acquired through the bird trade. VKM has reviewed the invasion ecology of non-native birds in general and of the Northern Cardinal specifically. The assessment includes evaluation of various mechanisms that invasive birds generally have a negative impact through, and includes competition, hybridization, spread of pathogens and interactions with other alien species in Norway. VKM has also evaluated two different scenarios establishment and how climate change can influence both the negative impact and the likelihood of establishment. Overall, VKM finds that there is low risk in regards negative effects on biodiversity in Norway in regard to import and keeping of the Northern Cardinal.

• Theissinger, Kathrin; Fernandes, Carlos; Formenti, Giulio; Bista, Iliana; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Bleidorn, Christoph [Vis alle 55 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). How genomics can help biodiversity conservation. Trends in Genetics. ISSN 0168-9525. 39(7), s. 545–559. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.01.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The availability of public genomic resources can greatly assist biodiversity assessment, conservation, and restoration efforts by providing evidence for scientifically informed management decisions. Here we survey the main approaches and applications in biodiversity and conservation genomics, considering practical factors, such as cost, time, prerequisite skills, and current shortcomings of applications. Most approaches perform best in combination with reference genomes from the target species or closely related species. We review case studies to illustrate how reference genomes can facilitate biodiversity research and conservation across the tree of life. We conclude that the time is ripe to view reference genomes as fundamental resources and to integrate their use as a best practice in conservation genomics.

• Järnegren, Johanna; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Husa, Vivian; Malmstrøm, Martin; Oug, Eivind & Berg, Paul Ragnar [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Assessment of risk and risk-reducing measures related to the introduction and dispersal of the invasive alien carpet tunicate Didemnum vexillum in Norway. . VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2023(7), s. 1–124. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Didemnum vexillum is colonial sea squirt, a marine species which originates from the northwest Pacific; it was first recorded in Norway in November 2020. Didemnum vexillum is an alien species, meaning that it is a species that has been transferred from its original region to other regions of the world through human activity, and it had not previously been recorded in Norwegian waters. The species is regarded as having great invasive potential and having strong negative ecological effects on biodiversity. It is also considered to pose a risk to marine industries such as shipping and aquaculture, with possible major negative economic impacts.

• Nielsen, Anders; Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard; Stenberg, Johan A.; Wendell, Per Hans Micael; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Bryn, Anders [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Bruk av rovmidden Stratiolaelaps scimitus mot varroamidd i bigårder. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2023(6), s. 1–29. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Nøkkelord: Biologisk kontroll, birøkt, varroa, rovmidd, risikovurdering, Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø, Miljødirektoratet Innledning Miljødirektoratet har bedt Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø (VKM) om en vurdering av mulige negative effekter på biologisk mangfold ved innføring av rovmidden Stratiolaelaps scimitus for biologisk kontroll av varroamidd (Varroa destructor) i bikuber. Rovmidden brukes allerede for bekjempelse av hærmygg (sørgemygg) i diverse plantekulturer i veksthus og plasttuneller i Norge. Miljødirektoratet har mottatt en søknad om en ny type bruk, nemlig bekjempelse av varroamidd i bikuber. Bakgrunn varroamidd er en parasittisk midd som lever på honningbier. Varroamidd er globalt ansett som en av de største truslene mot birøkt på grunn av dens parasittiske levesett, og fordi den kan bære med seg en rekke virus og bakterier som forårsaker biesykdommer. Birøktere i Nord-Amerika har satt i gang eksperimenter hvor de introduserer Stratiolaelaps scimitus, en kommersielt tilgjengelig rovmidd opprinnelig til bruk som plantevernmiddel i veksthus og plasttuneller, for å bekjempe varroamidd. Det er nylig publisert en rekke studier som har sett på denne nye bruken. Miljødirektoratet har bedt VKM å vurdere risikoen for norsk biologisk mangfold ved bruk av S. scimitus overfor varroamidd, og å vurdere hvordan fremtidige klimaendringer vil kunne påvirke eventuell risiko. Stratiolaelaps scimitus er en liten (0.5 mm) jordlevende rovmidd som i naturen lever av et mangfold av evertebrater, som for eksempel fluelarver, rundormer, nymfer av trips, fåbørstemark, spretthaler og andre midd. Siden 1990-tallet har S. scimitus blitt produsert kommersielt, og arten er i dag brukt i plantevern over hele verden. Midden brukes til bekjempelse av en rekke organismer som er skadegjørere i matproduksjon og prydplanter, særlig soppmygg, edderkoppmidd, blomstertrips og enkelte plantespisende rundormer. Arten er allerede i bruk for biologisk kontroll i diverse matplantekulturer i drivhus og åpne plasttuneller, men også i prydplantesammenheng og i produksjon av sopp. Metoder VKM opprettet en prosjektgruppe med ekspertise i entomologi, invasjonsbiologi, honningbieatferd, økologi og risikovurdering av organismer til bruk i biologisk kontroll. Gruppen utførte et systematisk litteratursøk og gransket litteraturen som ble funnet. I mangel av studier fra Norge, måtte gruppen bygge sine konklusjoner på studier fra andre land. Resultater og konklusjon VKM konkluderer, med middels sikkerhet, at introduksjon av S. scimitus for bruk i bikuber, ikke vil øke sannsynligheten signifikant for at arten etablerer seg eller sprer seg, ut over den sannsynligheten som følger av dagens bruk. Vi poengterer at det ikke finnes noe som tyder på at kontinuerlig bruk av S. scimitus i Norge har resultert i at arten har etablert seg utenfor arealer hvor de har blitt introdusert, inkludert åpne plasttuneller. Optimal temperatur for utvikling og reproduksjon er vesentlig høyere enn hva som normalt observeres i Norge (~28 °C). Gitt at laveste overlevelsestemperatur har blitt rapportert å være –5.2 °C, konkluderer vi med at S. scimitus ikke vil være i stand til å etablere permanente populasjoner, ettersom det er forventet at vi år om annet vil ha så lave temperaturer i fremtiden også, selv i de varmeste delene av landet. Vi vurderer at fremtidige klimaendringer ikke vil påvirke konklusjonen.

• Formenti, Giulio; Theissinger, Kathrin; Fernandes, Carlos; Bista, Iliana; Bombarely, Aureliano & Bleidorn, Christoph [Vis alle 59 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The era of reference genomes in conservation genomics. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. ISSN 0169-5347. 37(3), s. 197–202. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nilsson, Pernille; Ravinet, Mark; Cui, Yujun; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Zhang, Yujiang & Guo, Rong [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Polygenic plague resistance in the great gerbil uncovered by population sequencing. PNAS Nexus. ISSN 2752-6542. 1(5). doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac211.
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Asmyhr, Maria Gulbrandsen; Basic, Dean; Eldegard, Katrine; Janczak, Andrew M. & Pedersen, Hans Christian [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The release of common pheasants and grey partridges for pointing dog training- consequences for biodiversity, animal welfare and health. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on biodiversity of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Since the late 1800s, an unknown number of common pheasants and grey partridges from captive bred stocks have been released in Norwegian nature. The birds are released to be used for training of pointing dogs. The import, keeping and release of gamebirds, as well as the management of release sites, have been largely unregulated. The consequences to biodiversity, animal health and welfare have not been investigated. The Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) have jointly requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) for a scientific opinion on the release of common pheasants and grey partridges for pointing dog training regarding consequences for biodiversity, animal welfare of the released birds and health of the released birds as well as wild birds to which pathogens may be transmitted. VKM was further asked to suggest risk reducing measures for biodiversity and animal welfare. Methods VKM established a project group with expertise within avian ecology, landscape ecology, population biology, wildlife veterinary medicine and animal welfare. The group conducted systematic literature searches, scrutinized the resulting literature, and supplemented by other relevant articles and reports. In the absence of Norwegian studies, VKM used literature from other countries where common pheasants and grey partridges (and in some cases other gamebirds), are released, as references. The project group applied observation data of common pheasants and grey partridges in Norway for the period 2000-2022, presented by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (NBIC). In the assessments, VKM assumed that the release of birds will be in the same order of magnitude as in previous years (a few thousand birds annually on a national level). The number of release sites and the density of released birds per site are unknown. Increasing the number and density of birds would also increase the probability of negative effects and the severity of the consequences. VKM assessed the impacts of released common pheasants and grey partridges on competition, predation, hybridization, transmission of disease, herbivory and indirect impacts through interactions with other species (predator abundance and pathogen-mediated competition). VKM also assessed the impact on biodiversity in a 50-year perspective. Furthermore, VKM discusses how the birds’ welfare might be impacted by rearing, transport, release and exposure to pointing dogs. Finally, VKM provides a list of relevant diseases and assessed their potential impact on animal health during transport, rearing and release. Results and conclusions VKMs assessment show that there are several risks to biodiversity, animal health, and animal welfare from the release of captive bred common pheasants and grey partridges in Norway. The risk of increased competition for food, particularly in winter, with birds with similar niches as common pheasants and grey partridges, is low on a national scale and moderat on a local scale. This is particularly so for yellowhammer, Emberiza citronella, a species categorized as vulnerable on the national red list due to its progressive population decline caused by reduced availability of food during winter. There is a moderate risk for predation on invertebrates and negative impacts on flora. Indirectly, activities connected to the release of birds may lead to moderate risks of altered predator abundance and disease-mediated competition. VKM concludes that the ecological impacts will be more severe for redlisted species present within the release areas for common pheasants and grey partridges. Repeated release of common pheasants and grey partridges can lead to high risk of disease transmission to wild birds. .............

• Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Bustnes, Jan Ove; Bårdsen, Bård-Jørgen; Eldegard, Katrine; Kausrud, Kyrre & Sandercock, Brett [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Assessment of risks to wildlife and animal welfare associated with Lodden, Sami traditional hunting of ducks in spring. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biodiversity of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Spring hunting for ducks (Lodden in Northern Sami) is part of the Sami hunting and trapping culture. In Norway, this traditional hunting has been permitted in Kautokeino Municipality in accordance with the exception provision in the Wildlife Act Section 15, with quotas for males of several duck species. However, hunting in the spring may be in conflict with the Nature Diversity Act's principle for species management, saying (quote from Section 15): “Unnecessary harm and suffering caused to animals occurring in the wild and their nests, lairs and burrows shall be avoided. Likewise, unnecessary pursuing of wildlife shall be avoided.” Furthermore, in accordance with international legislation and agreements, the Wildlife Act (Section 9) states that the hunting season should not be set to the nesting and breeding season for the species in question. The Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) asked VKM to (1) assess risk and risk-reducing measures on biodiversity and animal welfare when conducting spring hunting of ducks. The terms of reference were additionally clarified by the NEA to include assessments of the risks associated with hunting quotas of up to 150, 300, and 500 male individuals, on the populations of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca), common scoter (Melanitta nigra), long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), and red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator). VKM was furthermore asked to (2) point out risk-reducing measures in scenarios with hunting bags corresponding to the mentioned quotas of all the six species. Method VKM appointed a project group to answer the request from NEA and assess the risks to biodiversity and animal welfare posed by spring hunting for adult male ducks. The project group narrowed down the scope of the biodiversity risk assessment to encompass risks for local populations of six target species: mallard, tufted duck, velvet scoter, common scoter, long-tailed duck, and red-breasted merganser, and non-target migratory waterbirds. Negative impacts on biodiversity was defined as negative effects on population viability. The VKM project group gathered data from publications retrieved from literature searches and reports from Kautokeino municipality to the Finnmark Estate (Finnmarkseiendommen), which were made available to the group by the Norwegian Environment Agency. Hunting statistics were acquired from Statistics Norway (Statistisk sentralbyrå; SSB). During the assessment, several critical knowledge gaps and uncertainties were identified. The main obstacle for assessment of the impact of spring hunting on viability of local populations in Kautokeino, is the lack of data on relevant population sizes and demographic rates for the six target species. The available population estimates are partly based on almost 30-year-old bird counts. In addition, knowledge about spatial and temporal distributions of each species, combined with local or remote-sensed data on ice breakup, is needed to estimate the proportion of the population being effectively hunted in early spring when ducks are congregating on available ice-free waters. Such knowledge, combined with information about where, when, how and by how many hunters the hunting is performed, is also critical for sound assessments of risk to biodiversity and harm to bird welfare. Improved data on hunting bags (reliable, spatially explicit, and detailed) and frequency of wounding and crippling is also needed to provide accurate assessments. The project group performed modelling of harvest scenarios for a range of conditions (e.g., number of birds harvested, reduced breeding success caused by indirect effects of disturbance, environmental stochasticity, and spatial variation in habitat) to assess how sensitive the populations are to different parameters and model assumptions. ..............................

• Pampoulie, Christophe; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Jentoft, Sissel (2022). Hidden but revealed: After years of genetic studies behavioural monitoring combined with genomics uncover new insight into the population dynamics of Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters. Evolutionary Applications. ISSN 1752-4571. 16(2), s. 223–233. doi: 10.1111/eva.13471. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Stock structure is of paramount importance for sustainable management of exploited resources. In that context, genetic markers have been used for more than two decades to resolve spatial structure of marine exploited resources and to fully fathom stock dynamics and interactions. While genetic markers such as allozymes and RFLP dominated the debate in the early era of genetics, technology advances have provided scientists with new tools every decade to better assess stock discrimination and interactions (i.e. gene flow). Here, we provide a review of genetic studies performed to understand stock structure of Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters, from the early allozyme approaches to the genomic work currently carried out. We further highlight the importance of the generation of a chromosome-anchored genome assembly together with whole-genome population data, which drastically changed our perception of the possible management units to consider. After nearly 60 years of genetic investigation of Atlantic cod structure in Icelandic waters, genetic (and later genomic) data combined with behavioural monitoring using Data Storage Tags shifted the attention from geographical population structures to behavioural ecotypes. This review also demonstrates the need for future research to further disentangle the impact of these ecotypes (and gene flow among them) on the population structure of Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters. It also highlights the importance of whole-genome data to unravel unexpected within-species diversity related to chromosomal inversions and associated supergenes, which are important to consider for future development of sustainable management programmes of the species within the North Atlantic.

• Berg, Paul R.; Jorde, Per E.; Glover, Kevin A.; Dahle, Geir; Taggart, John B. & Korsbrekke, Knut [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Genetic structuring in Atlantic haddock contrasts with current management regimes. ICES Journal of Marine Science. ISSN 1054-3139. 78(1), s. 1–13. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa204. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The advent of novel genetic methods has made it possible to investigate population structure and connectivity in mobile marine fish species: knowledge of which is essential to ensure a sustainable fishery. Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is a highly exploited marine teleost distributed along the coast and continental shelf on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean. However, little is known about its population structure. Here, we present the first study using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to assess the genetic population structure of haddock at multiple geographic scales, from the trans-Atlantic to the local (fjord) level. Genotyping 138 SNP loci in 1329 individuals from 19 locations across the North Atlantic revealed three main genetic clusters, consisting of a Northwest Atlantic cluster, a Northeast Arctic cluster, and a Northeast Atlantic cluster. We also observed a genetically distinct fjord population and a pattern of isolation by distance in the Northeast Atlantic. Our results contrast with the current management regime for this species in the Northeast Atlantic, as we found structure within some management areas. The study adds to the growing recognition of population structuring in marine organisms in general, and fishes in particular, and is of clear relevance for the management of haddock in the Northeast Atlantic.

• Langangen, Øystein; Färber, Leonie Anette; Stige, Leif Christian; Diekert, Florian Klaus; Barth, Julia Maria Isis & Matschiner, Michael [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Ticket to spawn: Combining economic and genetic data to evaluate the effect of climate and demographic structure on spawning distribution in Atlantic cod. Global Change Biology. ISSN 1354-1013. 25(1), s. 134–143. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14474. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Star, Bastiaan; Pampoulie, Christophe; Bradbury, Ian R.; Bentzen, Paul & Hutchings, Jeffrey [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Trans-oceanic genomic divergence of Atlantic cod ecotypes is associated with large inversions. Heredity. ISSN 0018-067X. 119, s. 418–428. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2017.54. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Jonsson, Per R; Bonanomi, Sara; Corell, Hanna & Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Genome architecture enables local adaptation of Atlantic cod despite high connectivity. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. 26(17), s. 4452–4466. doi: 10.1111/mec.14207. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Star, Bastiaan; Pampoulie, Christophe; Sodeland, Marte; Barth, Julia Maria Isis & Knutsen, Halvor [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Three chromosomal rearrangements promote genomic divergence between migratory and stationary ecotypes of Atlantic cod. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 6, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1038/srep23246. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sodeland, Marte; Jorde, Per Erik; Lien, Sigbjørn; Jentoft, Sissel; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Grove, Harald [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). "Islands of divergence" in the Atlantic cod genome represent polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements. Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE). ISSN 1759-6653. 8(4), s. 1012–1022. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evw057. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Jentoft, Sissel; Star, Bastiaan; Ring, Kristoffer Hofaker; Knutsen, Halvor & Lien, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Adaptation to low salinity promotes genomic divergence in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.). Genome Biology and Evolution (GBE). ISSN 1759-6653. 7(6), s. 1644–1663. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evv093. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pampoulie, Christophe; Skírnisdóttir, Sigurlaug; Star, Bastiaan; Jentoft, Sissel; Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg G. & Hjorleifsson, Einar [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Rhodopsin Gene Polymorphism Associated with Divergent Light Environments in Atlantic Cod. Behavior Genetics. ISSN 0001-8244. 45(2), s. 236–244. doi: 10.1007/s10519-014-9701-7.
• Bradbury, Ian R.; Bowman, Sharen; Borza, Tudor; Snelgrove, Paul V. R.; Hutchings, Jeffrey A. & Berg, Paul Ragnar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Long distance linkage disequilibrium and limited hybridization suggest cryptic speciation in Atlantic cod. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 9(9). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106380. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andersen, Øivind; Rosa, Maria; Yadav, Prakash; Pirolli, Davide; Fernandes, Jorge & Berg, Paul Ragnar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). The conserved Phe GH5 of importance for hemoglobin intersubunit contact is mutated in gadoid fish. BMC Evolutionary Biology. ISSN 1471-2148. 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-54. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Functionality of the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule seems to be determined by a few amino acids located in key positions. Oxygen binding encompasses structural changes at the interfaces between the α1β2 and α2β1 dimers, but also subunit interactions are important for the oxygen binding affinity and stability. The latter packing contacts include the conserved Arg B12 interacting with Phe GH5, which is replaced by Leu and Tyr in the αA and αD chains, respectively, of birds and reptiles. Results Searching all known hemoglobins from a variety of gnathostome species (jawed vertebrates) revealed the almost invariant Arg B12 coded by the AGG triplet positioned at an exon-intron boundary. Rare substitutions of Arg B12 in the gnathostome β globins were found in pig, tree shrew and scaled reptiles. Phe GH5 is also highly conserved in the β globins, except for the Leu replacement in the β1 globin of five marine gadoid species, gilthead seabream and the Comoran coelacanth, while Cys and Ile were found in burbot and yellow croaker, respectively. Atlantic cod β1 globin showed a Leu/Met polymorphism at position GH5 dominated by the Met variant in northwest-Atlantic populations that was rarely found in northeast-Atlantic cod. Site-specific analyses identified six consensus codons under positive selection, including 122β(GH5), indicating that the amino acid changes identified at this position may offer an adaptive advantage. In fact, computational mutation analysis showed that the replacement of Phe GH5 with Leu or Cys decreased the number of van der Waals contacts essentially in the deoxy form that probably causes a slight increase in the oxygen binding affinity. Conclusions The almost invariant Arg B12 and the AGG codon seem to be important for the packing contacts and pre-mRNA processing, respectively, but the rare mutations identified might be beneficial. The Leu122β1(GH5)Met and Met55β1(D6)Val polymorphisms in Atlantic cod hemoglobin modify the intradimer contacts B12-GH5 and H2-D6, while amino acid replacements at these positions in avian hemoglobin seem to be evolutionary adaptive in air-breathing vertebrates. The results support the theory that adaptive changes in hemoglobin functions are caused by a few substitutions at key positions.

• Westengen, Ola Tveitereid; Ring, Kristoffer Hofaker; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Brysting, Anne Krag (2014). Modern maize varieties going local in the semi-arid zone in Tanzania. BMC Evolutionary Biology. ISSN 1471-2148. 14(1), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Culling, Mark; Freamo, Heather; Patterson, Kristen; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Lien, Sigbjørn & Boulding, Elizabeth G. (2013). Signatures of Selection on Growth, Shape, Parr Marks, and SNPs Among Seven Canadian Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Populations. Open Evolution Journal. ISSN 1874-4044. 7. doi: 10.2174/1874404401307010001.
• Pedersen, Stephanie; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Culling, Mark; Danzmann, Roy G.; Glebe, Brian & Leadbeater, Steven [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Quantitative trait loci for precocious parr maturation, early smoltification, and adult maturation in double-backcrossed trans-Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture. ISSN 0044-8486. 410-411, s. 164–171. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.06.039.
• Brazauskas, Gintaras; Xing, Yongzhong; Studer, Bruno; Schejbel, Britt; Frei, Ursula & Berg, Paul Ragnar [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Identification of genomic loci associated with crown rust resistance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)divergently selected populations. Plant Science. ISSN 0168-9452. 208, s. 34–41. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.02.017.
• Kerty, Emilia; Heuser, Kjell; Indahl, Ulf Geir; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Nakken, Sigve & Lien, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Is the brain water channel aquaporin-4 a pathogenetic factor in idiopathic intracranial hypertension? Results from a combined clinical and genetic study in a Norwegian cohort. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 91(1), s. 88–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02231.x.
• Westengen, Ola Tveitereid; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Kent, Matthew Peter & Brysting, Anne Krag (2012). Spatial Structure and Climatic Adaptation in African Maize Revealed by Surveying SNP Diversity in Relation to Global Breeding and Landrace Panels. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 7(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047832. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Egeland, Thore; Fonneløp, Ane Elida; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Kent, Matthew Peter & Lien, Sigbjørn (2012). Complex mixtures: A critical examination of a paper by Homer et al. Forensic Science International. ISSN 0379-0738. 6(1), s. 64–69. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2011.02.003.
• Lehtonen, PK; Laaksonen, T; Artemyev, AV; Belskii, E; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Both, C [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Candidate genes for colour and vision exhibit signals of selection across the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding range. Heredity. ISSN 0018-067X. 108(4), s. 431–440. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2011.93.
• Vasemägi, Anti; Nilsson, Jan; McGinnity, Philip; Cross, Tom; O'Reilly, Patrick & Glebe, Brian [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Screen for Footprints of Selection during Domestication/Captive Breeding of Atlantic Salmon. Comparative and Functional Genomics. ISSN 1531-6912. 2012. doi: 10.1155/2012/628204.
• Lien, Sigbjørn; Gidskehaug, Lars Halvor; Moen, Thomas; Hayes, Ben J.; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Davidson, William S [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). A dense SNP-based linkage map for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reveals extended chromosome homeologies and striking differences in sex-specific recombination patterns. BMC Genomics. ISSN 1471-2164. 12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-615.
• Star, Bastiaan; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan; Jentoft, Sissel; Grimholt, Unni; Malmstrøm, Martin & Gregers, Tone Fredsvik [Vis alle 42 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 477(7363), s. 207–210. doi: 10.1038/nature10342. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Freamo, Heather; O'Reilly, Patrick; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Lien, Sigbjørn & Boulding, Elizabeth G. (2011). Outlier SNPs show more genetic structure between two Bay of Fundy metapopulations of Atlantic salmon than do neutral SNPs. Molecular Ecology Resources. ISSN 1755-098X. 11, s. 254–267. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02952.x.
• Bourret, Vincent; O'Reilly, Patrick T.; Carr, Jonathan W.; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Bernatchez, Louis (2011). Temporal change in genetic integrity suggests loss of local adaptation in a wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population following introgression by farmed escapees. Heredity. ISSN 0018-067X. 106(3), s. 500–510. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2010.165.
• Sandve, Simen Rød; Rudi, Heidi; Dørum, Guro; Vigeland, Magnus Dehli; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Rognli, Odd Arne (2010). Genotyping Unknown Genomic Terrain in Complex Plant Genomes. I Huyghe, Christian (Red.), Sustainable use of Genetic Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 9789048187058. s. 455–459.
• Sandve, Simen Rød; Rudi, Heidi; Dørum, Guro; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Rognli, Odd Arne (2010). High-throughput genotyping of unknown genomic terrain in complex plant genomes: lessons from a case study. Molecular breeding. ISSN 1380-3743. 26(4), s. 711–718. doi: 10.1007/s11032-010-9479-0.
• Solaas, Karianne; Legry, Vanessa; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ferrieres, Jean [Vis alle 21 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Suggestive evidence of associations between liver X receptor beta polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in three cohort studies: HUNT2 (Norway), MONICA (France) and HELENA (Europe). BMC Medical Genetics. ISSN 1471-2350. 11(144). doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-144.
• Heuser, Kjell; Hoddevik, Eystein Hellstrøm; Taubøll, Erik; Gjerstad, Leif; Indahl, Ulf Geir & Kaczmarek, L [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9: A tempting relation but negative genetic association. Seizure. ISSN 1059-1311. 19(6), s. 335–338. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.05.003.
• Heuser, Kjell; Nagelhus, Erlend Arnulf; Taubøll, Erik; Indahl, Ulf Geir; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Lien, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Variants of the genes encoding AQP4 and Kir4.1 are associated with subgroups of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Research. ISSN 0920-1211. 88(1), s. 55–64. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.09.023.
• Samulin-Erdem, Johanna Maria; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Sundvold, Hilde; Grindflek, Eli & Lien, Sigbjørn (2009). Expression of DLK1 splice variants during porcine adipocyte development in vitro and in vivo. Animal Genetics. ISSN 0268-9146. 40(2), s. 239–241. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01812.x. Vis sammendrag

  Delta-like 1 (DLK1) belongs to the epidermal growth factor-like transmembrane protein family and is involved in the regulation of adipogenesis. Several splice variants of DLK1 have been identified in various species, of which two have been previously identified in pig. Here, we present two novel porcine DLK1 splice variants DLK1A and DLK1C. The gene expression profile of these variants together with the previously described DLK1B and DLK1C2 variants was studied in adipose tissue depots of pigs and during adipocyte differentiation in vitro. The short DLK1C and DLK1C2 transcripts were most abundantly expressed and their expression was reduced during porcine adipogenesis.

• Moen, Thomas; Hayes, Ben J.; Nilsen, Frank; Delghandi, M; Fjalestad, Kjersti T & Fevolden, Svein-Erik [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Identification and characterisation of novel SNP markers in Atlantic cod: Evidence for directional selection. BMC Genetics. ISSN 1471-2156. 9. Vis sammendrag

  Conclusion: The SNP markers presented here are powerful tools for future genetics work related to management and aquaculture. In particular, some SNPs exhibiting high levels of population divergence have potential to significantly enhance studies on the population structure of Atlantic cod.

• Boulding, EG; Culling, M; Glebe, B; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Lien, Sigbjørn & Moen, Thomas (2008). Conservation genomics of Atlantic salmon: SNPs associated with QTLs for adaptive traits in parr from four trans-Atlantic backcrosses. Heredity. ISSN 0018-067X. 101(4), s. 381–391. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2008.67. Vis sammendrag

  European Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) differ in skin pigmentation and shape from the North American lineage of Atlantic salmon but the genetic basis of these differences are poorly understood. We created four large (N = 300) backcross families by crossing F1 hybrid male siblings to two females from the European and two from the North American aquacultural strains. We recorded 15 morphological landmarks and two skin pigmentation, three growth and three condition traits on parr. The backcross families were genotyped for at least 129 SNPs ( single nucleotide polymorphisms) within expressed sequence tags ( ESTs) spaced throughout the Atlantic salmon linkage map. The high polymorphism and low rates of crossover in our hybrid sires provided enough statistical power to detect 79 significant associations between SNP markers and quantitative traits after experiment-wide permutation analysis for all families within traits. Linkage group AS22 contained a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for parr mark number; its homolog AS24 contained a large QTL, which explained 26% of the phenotypic variance in parr mark contrast. We found 25 highly significant QTLs for body shape and fin position on seven different linkage groups, and 16 for growth and condition on six different linkage groups. QTL(s) for pectoral fin position, caudal peduncle position, late parr growth and condition index were associated with an SNP on linkage group AS1, which was linked to the sex-determining locus. Our work adds to the evidence that much of the variation in growth rate, shape and skin pigmentation observed among Atlantic salmon parr from different natal streams is genetic.

• Moen, Thomas; Hayes, Ben J.; Baranski, Matthew; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Kjøglum, Sissel & Koop, Ben F. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). A linkage map of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on EST-derived SNP markers. BMC Genomics. ISSN 1471-2164. 9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-223. Vis sammendrag

  Conclusion: The linkage map presented here is an important resource for genetic, comparative, and physical mapping of the Atlantic salmon. The female map is likely to have a map coverage that is not far from complete, whereas the male map length is likely to be significantly shorter than the true map, due to suboptimal marker coverage in the apparently small physical regions where male crossovers occur. 'Useful LD' was found at inter-marker distances less than 5 cM.

• Hayes, Ben J.; Lien, Sigbjørn; Nilsen, Heidi; Olsen, Hanne Gro; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Maceachern, S. [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). The origin of selection signatures on bovine chromosome 6. Animal Genetics. ISSN 0268-9146. 39(2), s. 105–111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01683.x. Vis sammendrag

  The extent and pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between closely spaced markers contain information about population history, including past population size and selection history. Selection signatures can be identified by comparing the LD surrounding a putative selected allele at a locus to the putative non-selected allele. In livestock populations, locations of selection signatures identified in this way should be correlated with QTL affecting production traits, as the populations have been under strong artificial selection for these traits. We used a dense SNP map of bovine chromosome 6 to characterize the pattern of LD on this chromosome in Norwegian Red cattle, a breed which has been strongly selected for milk production. The pattern of LD was generally consistent with strong selection in regions containing QTL affecting milk production traits, including a strong selection signature in a region containing a mutation known to affect milk production. The results demonstrate that in livestock populations, the origin of selection signatures will often be QTL for livestock production traits, and illustrate the value of selection signatures in uncovering new mutations with potential effects on quantitative traits.

• Nilsen, Heidi; Hayes, Ben J.; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Roseth, Arne; Sundsaasen, Kristil Kindem & Nilsen, K. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Construction of a dense SNP map for bovine chromosome 6 to assist the assembly of the bovine genome sequence. Animal Genetics. ISSN 0268-9146. 39(2), s. 97–104. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01686.x. Vis sammendrag

  A linkage map was constructed for bovine chromosome 6 (BTA6), using 399 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected primarily from PCR-resequencing. The efficiency of SNP detection was highly dependent on the source of sequence information chosen for primer design (BAC-end sequences, introns or promoters). The SNPs were used to build a linkage map comprising 104 cM on BTA6. The SNP order in the linkage map corresponded very well with radiation hybrid (RH) maps available for BTA6 as well as with expected positions in the human comparative map, but diverged significantly from the current assembly of the bovine genome (Btau_3.1). When performing linkage analysis with the marker order suggested from the Btau_3.1 we observed an expansion of the genetic map from 104 cM to 137 cM, strongly suggesting a reordering of scaffolds in the current version of the bovine genome assembly. The extent of LD on BTA6 was evaluated by calculating the average r(2) for SNP pairs separated by given distances. The decline of LD was rapid with distance, such that r(2) was 0.1 at 100 kb. Our results indicate that linkage mapping will be a valuable source of information for correcting errors in the current bovine assembly. These errors were sufficiently frequent to be of concern for the accuracy of mapping QTL with panels of SNPs whose positions are based on the current assembly.

• Moen, T; Hayes, B; Nilsen, Frank; Nilsen, Frank; Delghandi, Madjid & Fjalestad, KT [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Identification and characterisation of novel SNP markers in Atlantic cod: Evidence for directional selection. BMC Genetics. ISSN 1471-2156. 9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-18.
• Hayes, Ben J.; Nilsen, Kjetil; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Grindflek, Eli & Lien, Sigbjørn (2007). SNP detection exploiting multiple sources of redundancy in large EST collections improves validation rates. Bioinformatics. ISSN 1367-4803. 23(13), s. 1692–1693. Vis sammendrag

  Motivation: Single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) detection exploiting redundancy in expressed sequence tag ( EST) collections that arises from the presence of transcripts of the same gene from different individuals has been used to generate large collections of SNPs for many species. A second source of redundancy, namely that EST collections can contain multiple transcripts of the same gene from the same individual, can be exploited to distinguish true SNPs from sequencing error. In this article, we demonstrate with Atlantic salmon and pig EST collections that splitting the EST collection in two, detecting SNPs in both subsets, then accepting only cross-validated SNPs increases validation rates. Results: In the pig data set, 676 cross-validated putative SNPs were detected in a collection of 160 689 ESTs. When validating a subset of these by genotyping on MassARRAY 85.1% of SNPs were polymorphic in successful assays. In the salmon data set, 856 cross-validated putative SNPs were detected in a collection of 243 674 ESTs. Validation by genotyping showed that 81.0% of the cross-validated putative SNPs were polymorphic in successful assays.

• Olsen, Hanne Gro; Nilsen, Heidi; Hayes, Ben J.; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Svendsen, Morten & Lien, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Genetic support for a quantitative trait nucleotide in the ABCG2 gene affecting milk composition of dairy cattle. BMC Genetics. ISSN 1471-2156. 8(art. 32), s. 32–40. Vis sammendrag

  Conclusion: Based on our results, OPN_3907 can be excluded as the polymorphism underlying the QTL. The results of this and other papers strongly suggest the [A/C] mutation in ABCG2_49 as the causal mutation, although the possibility that ABCG2_49 is only a marker in perfect LD with the true mutation can not be completely ruled out.

• Martens, Harald; Kohler, Achim; Afseth, Nils Kristian; Wold, Jens-Petter; Hersleth, Margrethe & Berget, Ingunn [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). High-throughput Measurements for Functional Genomics of Milk. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. ISSN 1230-1388. 16(1). Vis sammendrag

  Recent developments in analytical technology have simplified a detailed characterization of milk and milk-based samples. A range of powerful new instrumentation types have recently been installed at various institutes at Campus Ås (Norway). At the campus we have recently implemented efficient, multi-channel instrumentation for genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, biospectroscopy, metabolomics and various quality assessments. The present paper gives an informal outline of various modern analytical tools for characterization of various milk and milk-based samples.

• Hayes, Ben J.; Lærdahl, Jon K; Lien, Sigbjørn; Moen, Thomas; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Hindar, Kjetil [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). An extensive resource of single nucleotide polymorphism markers associated with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) expressed sequences. Aquaculture. ISSN 0044-8486. 265(1-4), s. 82–90. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.03.018. Vis sammendrag

  As well as being one of the most important aquaculture species, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been proposed as a model organism for studying the consequences of genome duplication, given the recent tetraploidization event in the salmonoid common ancestor. Availability of large nuntbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for Atlantic salmon would be extremely useful for both mapping of genes affecting quantitative traits, as well as a tool to establish the extent and location of duplication in the salmon genome. Here we describe the discovery of 2507 putative SNPs from the alignment of Atlantic salmon expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Eighty-six of the SNPs were chosen for validation in a panel of,55 salmon from locations across their range. Seventy four percent of these SNPs were polymorphic in this panel. Twelve of the validated SNPs showed extreme heterozygous excess, and partial genome duplication is proposed as a possible explanation for this result. Flanking SNP sequences are available from the authors, and the annotations of the SNP containing sequences are publicly available at http://www.salmongenome.no/data/ annotation/SNPproj. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

• Hayes, Ben J.; Hagesæther, Nina; Ådnøy, Tormod; Pellerud, Grunde; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Lien, Sigbjørn (2006). Effects on production traits of haplotypes among casein genes in Norwegian goats and evidence for a site of preferential recombination. Genetics. ISSN 0016-6731. 174(September), s. 455–464. Vis sammendrag

  In goat milk the most abundant proteins are the casein genes, CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3. Mutations have been identified within these genes affecting the level of gene expression, and effects on milk production traits have been reported. The aim of this study was to detect polymorphisms (SNPs) in the casein genes of Norwegian goats, resolve haplotype structures within the loci, and assess the effect of these haplotypes on milk production traits. Four hundred thirty-six Norwegian bucks were genotyped for 39 polymorphic sites across the four loci. The numbers of unique haplotypes present in each locus were 10, 6, 4, and 8 for CSN1S1, CSN2, CSNIS2, and CSN3, respectively. The effects of the CSN1S1 haplotypes on protein percentage and fat kilograms were significant, as were the effects of CSN3 haplotypes on fat percentage and protein percentage. A deletion in exon 12 of CSN1S1, unique to the Norwegian goat population, explained the effects of CSN1S1 haplotypes on fat kilograms, but not protein percentage. Investigation of linkage disequilibrium between all possible pairs of SNPs revealed higher levels of linkage disequilbrium for SNP pairs within casein loci than for SNP pairs between casein loci, likely reflecting low levels of intragenic recombination. Further, there was evidence for a site of preferential recombination between CSN2 and CSNIS2. The value of the haplotypes for haplotype-assisted selection (HAS) is discussed.

• Olsen, Hanne Gro; Lien, Sigbjørn; Gautier, Mathieu; Nilsen, Heidi; Roseth, Arne & Berg, Paul Ragnar [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). Mapping of a milk production quantitative trait locus to a 420-kb region on bovine chromosome 6. Genetics. ISSN 0016-6731. 169(1), s. 275–283. Vis sammendrag

  A QTL affecting milk production traits was previously mapped to an interval of 7.5 cM on chromosome 6 in Norwegian dairy cattle. This article aimed to refine this position by increasing the map density in the region by a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and analyzing the data with a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium approach. Through a series of single- and multitrait and single- and multipoint analyses, the QTL was positioned to an interval surrounded by the genes ABCG2 and LAP3. As no recombinations were detected in this interval, physical mapping was required for further refining. By using radiation hybrid mapping as well as BAC clones, the bovine and human comparative maps in the region are resolved, and the QTL is mapped within a distance of 420 kb.

• Berg, Paul Ragnar & Mork, Jarle (2004). Tissue enzyme loci for routine genotyping in Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson, 1855): electrophoresis conditions, tissue manifestations, allele designations and basic population genetic parameters. Sarsia. ISSN 0036-4827. 89(6), s. 411–422. doi: 10.1080/00364820410002668.
• Berg, Paul Ragnar (2003). Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from two inbreeding bark beetle species (Coccotrypes). Molecular Ecology Notes. ISSN 1471-8278. 3(2), s. 270–273. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00423.x. Vis sammendrag

  We developed 14 microsatellite markers in Coccotrypes carpophagus and 14 in C. dactyli- perda. These loci will be used for studying genetic structure and the level of inbreeding in populations in the Canary Islands and Madeira. As a result of long-term inbreeding, genetic variability is relatively low in these bark beetle species. We found one to five alleles per locus in 29 C. carpophagus and 41 C. dactyliperda from various localities. Eleven of the markers developed for C. carpophagus amplified in C. dactyliperda and seven of the mark- ers developed for C. dactyliperda amplified in C. carpophagus.

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• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Gundersen, Hege; Hancke, Kasper; Sander, Gunnar; Skjellum, Solrun Figenschau & Wathne, Cecilie Linn (2021). Oppfølgingsmøte om blå skog.
• Deininger, Anne; Martin, Angela Helen; Pardo, Juan; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Bhardwaj, Jyotirmoy & de Oliveira Catarino, Diana Sofia [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Coastal Research Seen Through an Early Career Lens—A Perspective on Barriers to Interdisciplinarity in Norway. Frontiers in Marine Science. ISSN 2296-7745. 8. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.634999. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Star, Bastiaan; Matschiner, Michael; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Jakobsen, Kjetill Sigurd & Jentoft, Sissel (2016). Ancient genomic variation separates Atlantic cod ecotypes; implications for management.
• Star, Bastiaan; Jentoft, Sissel; Matschiner, Michael; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan; Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd & Berg, Paul Ragnar [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Does historic DNA provide genomic evidence for recent selection in Atlantic cod?
• Barth, Julia Maria Isis; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Star, Bastiaan; Bonanomi, Sara; Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob & Knutsen, Halvor [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). A genomic perspective on cod connectivity in the Skagerrak/Kattegat.
• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Jentoft, Sissel; Star, Bastiaan; Ring, Kristoffer Hofaker; Knutsen, Halvor & Lien, Sigbjørn [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Adaptation to low salinity promotes genomic divergence in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.).
• Matschiner, Michael; Star, Bastiaan; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan & Hansen, Marianne Helén Selander [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Population differentiation and local adaptation in Atlantic cod.
• Berg, Paul Ragnar (2013). Population genomics in Atlantic cod - Baltic vs. North Sea.
• Berg, Paul Ragnar (2012). Ecological genomics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) - adaptive responses to changing selection regimes.
• Berg, Paul Ragnar (2012). Populasjonsgenomikk på torsk - et verktøy for identifisering av viktige genomiske regioner for oppdrettsnæringen.
• Nederbragt, Alexander Johan; Tørresen, Ole Kristian; Khelik, Ksenia; Lagesen, Karin; Rounge, Trine Ballestad & Star, Bastiaan [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2012). Challenges and Opportunities for Improving the Atlantic Cod Genome Assembly and Annotation.
• Star, Bastiaan; Nederbragt, Alexander Johan; Jentoft, Sissel; Grimholt, Unni; Malmstrøm, Martin & Gregers, Tone Fredsvik [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). The genome of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system.
• Sandve, Simen Rød; Rudi, Heidi; Dørum, Guro; Vigeland, Magnus D.; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Rognli, Odd Arne (2009). Genotyping unknown genomic terrain in complex plant genomes.
• Sandve, Simen Rød; Rudi, Heidi; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Fosnes, Kjetil & Rognli, Odd Arne (2009). Genotyping unknown genomic terrain in complex plant genomes.
• Kent, Matthew Peter; Hayes, Ben J.; Qin, Xiang; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Gibbs, Richard A. & Lien, Sigbjørn (2009). Development Of 16.5K SNP-Chip For Atlantic Salmon. Vis sammendrag

  Description of the development of Cigenes Atlantic Salmon genotyping array.

• Heuser, Kjell; Nagelhus, Erlend A.; Taubøll, Erik; Indahl, Ulf; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Nakken, S [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). DO PATIENTS WITH TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY AND CHILDHOOD FEBRILE SEIZURES CONSTITUTE A GENETIC SUBGROUP? RESULTS FROM AN ASSOCIATION STUDY OF AQUAPORIN-4 AND POTASSIUM CHANNEL GENES. Epilepsia. ISSN 0013-9580. s. 344–344.
• Gjuvsland, Arne Bjørke; Sundsaasen, Kristil Kindem; Karoliussen, Silje; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Lien, Sigbjørn & Plahte, Erik [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Allele action patterns connect genetic dominance with gene regulatory architecture.
• Biong, M; Edvardsen, H; Dragseth, V; Berg, PR; Berg, P & Gram, Inger Torhild [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Genetic markers for the prediction of breast density and breast cancer risk. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 6, s. 200–200.
• Roseth, Arne; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Sundsaasen, Kristil Kindem & Lien, Sigbjørn (2006). CIGENE - a core facility for detection, typing and interpretation of SNPs.
• Zimonja, Monika; Berget, Ingunn; Martens, Harald; Berg, Paul Ragnar & Lien, Sigbjørn (2005). Chemometrics in MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: More accurate and economical SNP genotyping. Vis sammendrag

  CIGENE uses matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (Figure 1). This methodology is expensive, but the cost per sample is highly reduced if a large number of SNPs can be analyzed simultaneously. The accuracy of the available software is too poor for analyzing experiments with a large number of SNPs. We therefore aim at developing a MATLAB toolbox where a chemometric approach for preprocessing the MALDI-TOF spectra and estimate the SNP genotype is taken.

• Moen, Thomas; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Hayes, Ben J.; Lien, Sigbjørn; Omholt, Stig W. & Våge, Dag Inge (2005). Atlantic salmon research within Centre of Integrative Genetics (CIGENE).
• Våge, Dag Inge; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Hayes, Ben J.; Høyheim, Bjørn; Lien, Sigbjørn & Moen, Thomas [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). CIGENEs rolle i genomforskningen på laks.
• Berg, Paul Ragnar; Roseth, Arne; Sundsaasen, Kristil Kindem; Lien, Sigbjørn & Omholt, Stig W. (2004). CIGENE-Centre for Integrative Genetics.
• Mariussen, MS; Strøm, V; Valseth, ÅA; Vennemo, K; Bjorbækmo, Marit & Chen, Wenting [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Mariussen MS, Strøm V, Valseth ÅA, Vennemo K, Bjorbækmo MFM, Chen W, Furuseth IS, Bekkby T, Berg PR, Saesin P, Staalstrøm A, Walday MG, Kaste Ø, Ruus A, Hess-Erga O-K, Langaas S. Mulighetskartlegging for kystbaserte næringer i Viken – Indre Oslofjord og Drammensfjorden. Vista Analyse Report 2023/11. ISBN 978-82-8126-623-0. https://www.vista-analyse.no/site/assets/files/7886/va-rapport_2023- 11_mulighetskartlegging_for_kystbaserte_naeringer_i_viken.pdf. Vista Analyse .
• Rueness, Eli Knispel; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Gulla, Snorre; Halvorsen, Kim Aleksander Tallaksen; Järnegren, Johanna & Malmstrøm, Martin [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from import of wrasses and other cleaner fish for use in aquaculture. Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-330-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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