Siste publikasjoner

• Ludvigsen, Lene Ugilt Pagter; Thomsen, Marianne Kragh; Kro, Grete Anette Birkeland; Pedersen, Rune Micha; Gramkow, Ann Maria & Åsberg, Anders [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Epstein-Barr virus infection monitoring in kidney transplant recipients (EVITA study)—investigating the clinical significance of EBV-DNAemia and the risk of early-onset PTLD. American Journal of Transplantation. ISSN 1600-6135. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajt.2026.07.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cordero, Christian P.; Brenne, Hanne Britt; Ytteborg, Elisabeth; Hansen, Miroslava; Johansen, Lill-Heidi & Vanrompay, Daisy [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Immune responses in the olfactory organ and brain of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following nasal vaccination against Francisella noatunensis. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. ISSN 1050-4648. s. 1–40. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111767. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bacterial infections caused by the intracellular bacterium Francisella noatunensis pose a major health challenge in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), largely due to the lack of effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Here we evaluated the immune and physiological responses of cod to two candidate live attenuated vaccines (i.e. clpB and iglC) against F. noatunensis delivered intranasally. These experimental vaccines were constructed by a single knockout mutation of a virulence gene in F. noatunensis. Cod was vaccinated intranasally and reared for 45 days until infection with the wild-type strain Francisella noatunenesis subp. noatunensis and further reared for 47 days until termination. Given the chosen delivery route, our analyses were focused on the olfactory organ and brain of cod. Infected cod presented classic gross pathologies of francisellosis, including multi-organ nodulations, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Among the vaccine candidates, the clpB-vaccinated group demonstrated upregulated expression of immune response genes in both the olfactory organ and brain, exhibited the lowest nodulation score, and showed minimal histological alterations in the olfactory organ. To further explore the physiological consequences of the clpB mutant, shotgun proteomics was performed in selected olfactory organ and brain of vaccinated cod. We identified 404 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the brain and 241 in the olfactory organ with 17 DEPs common to both organs. These DEPs were mostly involved in cellular signalling, transmembrane internalisation, enzymatic processes, and important immune response pathways, such as immune recruitment and activation, the respiratory burst reaction, and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the clpB-attenuated vaccine holds promise as a candidate vaccine against F. noatunensis and provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of immune modulation.

• Johnson, Hannah; Dolk, Helen; Loane, Maria; Damase-Michel, Christine; Given, Joanne & Nordeng, Hedvig Marie Egeland [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Case-malformed signal detection and prioritisation using EUROmediCAT data for pharmacovigilance in pregnancy. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ISSN 0306-5251. 92(10), s. 3586–3597. doi: 10.1002/bcp.70645. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Alcalde-Herraiz, Marta; Du, Mike; Sanchez-Parada, Aina; Duarte-Salles, Talita; Palomar-Cros, Anna & Giuliodori, Agustina [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). The effectiveness of HPV vaccination against invasive cervical cancer and related precancerous lesions: a multinational target trial emulation study. The Lancet Primary Care. 2(3). doi: 10.1016/j.lanprc.2026.100114. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines prevent HPV infection and related disease. 15 years after the first HPV vaccination programmes were launched in Europe, their long-term effectiveness can now start to be assessed. We designed a target trial emulation study to estimate the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in preventing invasive cervical cancer and high-grade precancerous lesions using three primary care databases. Methods In this target trial emulation study, we analysed primary care records from the UK (Clinical Practice Research Datalink; data from Sept 9, 1987 to Dec 15, 2023), primary care records linked to hospital records from Catalonia, Spain (Sistema d’Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària; Jan 1, 2006 to June 30, 2023), and nationwide linked health registry (including primary care, secondary care, and other health data) in Norway (Norwegian Linked Health Registry; Jan 1, 2018 to Dec 31, 2023), all standardised to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model. We included women aged 15 years or younger in 2008, coinciding with the start of public vaccination programmes. Exposure was defined as receiving one or more HPV vaccine doses by age 15 years. The main outcomes included high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+), invasive cervical cancer, and conisation (as a proxy for CIN2+ diagnosis). Vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts were sequentially matched on an annual basis by year of birth, location, and propensity scores, with up to five vaccinated people matched to an unvaccinated individual. Vaccine effectiveness, based on incidence rate ratios after 15 years of follow-up, were calculated using Poisson regression. Results across databases were meta-analysed using fixed-effects. The specified primary analysis in the original protocol was designed to assess exposure by HPV brand versus unvaccinated populations; however, due to the low number of events by brand, the study was underpowered and the primary analysis was amended to assess HPV vaccination exposure overall (any brand) versus unvaccinated. Findings After two-step matching, our analysis included 81 863 vaccinated and 46 357 unvaccinated women from the UK; 148 214 vaccinated and 39 952 unvaccinated from Spain; and 14 885 vaccinated and 4073 unvaccinated from Norway. Fewer than five cervical cancers were observed per cohort, precluding vaccine effectiveness estimation for this outcome. Meta-analytic vaccine effectiveness at 15 years was 42% (95% CI 6–64) against CIN2+ and 58% (6–82) against conisation. Interpretation Our estimates of vaccine effectiveness against CIN2+ and conisation in Europe align with estimates from previous systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials. We also observed an increased health-seeking behaviour among vaccinated individuals, suggesting that our study might have underestimated vaccine effectiveness. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to estimate vaccine effectiveness against cervical cancer.

• Avershina, Ekaterina; Birkeland, Einar Elvbakken; Johannessen, Cecilie Bucher - & Rounge, Trine Ballestad (2026). CRISPR-Cas immune repertoires as an ecological record of bacterial interactions with mobile genetic elements in the human gut. Gut microbes. ISSN 1949-0976. 18(1). doi: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2734649. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mjønes, Harald Stranger; Havik, Mona; Seferi, Gezime & Morland, Cecilie (2026). High-intensity interval exercise affects neurogenesis and angiogenesis differently in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Frontiers in Neuroscience. ISSN 1662-4548. 20, s. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2026.1927709. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bøyum, Ingvild Reinseth; Grønlien, Krister Gjestvang; Oftedal, Thomas; Kjos, Morten; Carlsen, Harald & Tønnesen, Hanne Hjorth (2026). The bacteriocin enterocin EJ97s retains its antibacterial effect upon interaction with human serum albumin. Journal of Applied Microbiology. ISSN 1364-5072. 137(8). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxag193. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Carson, Alexis Christine; Zidan, Mahmoud; Olstad, Emilie Willoch; Gervin, Kristina; Galesloot, Tessel E. & Scholte, Iris [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Genetically Informed Research Designs in Perinatal Pharmacoepidemiology: A Methodological Overview. Drug Safety. ISSN 0114-5916. 49(7), s. 761–773. doi: 10.1007/s40264-026-01647-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Despite the widespread use of medications during pregnancy, ethical and methodological barriers to clinical trials make observational studies necessary for evaluating medication safety in this population. Observational studies are prone to biases that often limit their validity due to the lack of randomization; integrating genetic information through discordant sibling designs, polygenic scores, and Mendelian randomization can address several confounding issues. However, application of these three approaches in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology has been limited. Complementing traditional designs with these genetically informed research designs can tackle common biases and strengthen causal inference. This paper focuses on applying genetically informed research designs to child outcomes in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology by reviewing various methods, discussing their strengths and limitations, and examining their application to date, as well as considerations for implementing them in future research. Such considerations include the availability of genetic data, the complexity of integrating genetic data with existing epidemiological data, and selection of appropriate genetic instruments for analyses. Incorporating causal inference in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology can ultimately contribute to enhancing safe medication use during pregnancy.

• Cuk, Ana; Vingen, Hans Vangsnes; Sande, Sverre Arne & Hiorth, Marianne (2026). Development of an injectable, in situ formed hydrogel for controlled delivery of local anesthetics by exploiting synergism between thermoresponsive block copolymers and alginate, chitosan, or hyaluronate. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. 14. doi: 10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101158. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mrsa, Ago; Larsen, Bjarke Strøm; Halvorsen, Trine Grønhaug & Reubsaet, Leon (2026). Dual Functionality in Whole Blood Microsampling: Combining Plasma Separation and Immunoaffinity Cleanup for LC-MS Based Targeted Protein Analysis. Journal of Proteome Research. ISSN 1535-3893. 25(9), s. 4665–4675. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6c00092. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Shahmohammadi, Niayesh; Khan, Falguni; Jang, Haneol; Kim, Il-Hwan; Lee, Donghee & Wallen, Joseph [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). EpOME functionally antagonises prostaglandin signalling in Spodoptera exigua via a specific GPCR conserved across metazoans. Nature Communications. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-77858-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Halvorsen, Trine Grønhaug; Johannsen, Christina & Reubsaet, Leon (2026). Microsampling of proteins from biological matrices: sampling methods and devices, typical workflows, clinical examples, novel applications and innovations. Analytical Methods. ISSN 1759-9660. doi: 10.1039/d6ay00944a. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Park, Yoomi; Lenk, Hasan Cagin; Zhou, Yitian; Lauschke, Volker M. & Molden, Espen (2026). Association between CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and venlafaxine treatment failure: a retrospective study on two cohorts from Norway and the UK. The Lancet Psychiatry. ISSN 2215-0374. 13(10), s. 852–860. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(26)00238-5.
• Vingen, Hans Vangsnes; Ćuk, Ana; Sauter, Axel Rudolf; Spigset, Olav; Andersen, Finn Husøy & Skedsmo, Fredrik [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Prolonging peripheral ropivacaine nerve block with an in situ-formed hydrogel carrier: randomized controlled trial in an ovine model. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. ISSN 1098-7339. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2026-108092. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Local anesthetics are effective for regional anesthesia but have a relatively short duration of action. This motivates the development of sustained-release delivery systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an in situ-forming hydrogel composed of poloxamers and alginate could prolong the duration of ropivacaine-induced sensory and motor blockade. Methods In this randomized and blinded two-period cross-over study, 10 female sheep received ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve injections of either 200 mg ropivacaine poloxamer-alginate hydrogel (Rop-HG) or 200 mg, as a control, plain ropivacaine solution (Rop-C). Sensory and motor functions were assessed repeatedly using a standardized clinical scoring system. Plasma ropivacaine concentrations were measured over time, and postmortem histopathological evaluation of the sciatic nerve and surrounding tissues was performed. Results Rop-HG markedly prolonged block duration compared with Rop-C, increasing the median (IQR) sensory block from 24 hours (IQR 16–36) to 60 hours (IQR 60–72) and the median motor block from 16 hours (IQR 16–18) to 60 hours (IQR 36–72). Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a sharp early peak for Rop-C (median C max 5101 nmol/L and median T max 0.33 hours), whereas Rop-HG produced a lower and delayed profile (median C max 558 nmol/L and median T max  8 hours). Histopathology revealed more pronounced and persistent local tissue reactions in Rop-HG-treated limbs, characterized by degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided perineural injections of 200 mg Rop-HG substantially prolonged the clinical duration of sciatic nerve block and reduced early systemic exposure compared with a 200 mg plain ropivacaine solution. However, the formulation was associated with severe local tissue degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation. Consequently, it remains unclear whether the prolonged clinical effect resulted from a sustained pharmacological release of ropivacaine or from the local tissue toxicity. Further optimization of the formulation is required before clinical translation.

• Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Shadrin, Alexey; Frei, Oleksandr; Rahman, Mohammad Zillur; Akdeniz, Bayram Cevdet & Filiz, Tahir Tekin [Vis alle 29 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Family genetic designs in MoBa provide insights into health and functioning. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10926-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Genome-wide association studies using large, population-based samples of unrelated individuals have discovered thousands of genetic associations with health and disease1. These studies can help explain genetic and environmental risks. However, increasing evidence suggests that population-based estimates, while precise, can also reflect confounding that affects their use and interpretation. This confounding can be overcome using data from genotyped family members, such as nuclear mother–father–child trios2,3. However, samples of genotyped families are rare4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here we illustrate some of the advantages of familial data using the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a population-based cohort of parents and offspring with extensive genotype data (n ≈ 230,000) (ref. 3), along with broad and longitudinal phenotyping of health and functioning. We provide an overview of MoBa and describe the quality control of genotype data tailored to this extensively related sample. We then use trio data to illustrate how family-based genomic designs can identify distinct direct and indirect sources of genetic influence and structural confounding. As examples, we analyse children’s height, educational achievement, depressive symptoms and sleep duration. These demonstrations highlight MoBa as a broadly valuable resource for advancing understanding of health and functioning across the lifecourse and generations.

• Limoncella, Giorgio; Girardi, Anna; Bartolini, Claudia; Hyeraci, Giulia; Roberto, Giuseppe & Paoletti, Olga [Vis alle 48 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Identifying Pregnancies in Population-Based Data Sources: Development and Application of the ConcePTION Pregnancy Algorithm. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. ISSN 1053-8569. 35(8). doi: 10.1002/pds.70438. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Granås, Anne Gerd; Kadir, Lavin; Bjørknes, Marthe Rambøl; Nilsen, Marianne Kollerøs; Foss, Camilla & Heimdal, Mia Catharina Nikolaisen [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Pharmacy Stories - Using Historical Narratives to Shape Future Pharmacy Education in a Digital Era. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Background: Pharmacy practice is undergoing rapid transformation driven by digital technologies, new models of care, and evolving professional roles. Preparing students for these changes requires educational approaches that connect professional development over time with emerging competence needs. This study explores how pharmacists’ professional stories can be used to link past developments with future-oriented competencies in pharmacy education. Methods: A total of 49 pharmacists were interviewed across Norway. Undergraduate students conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 pharmacists, while an academic team conducted 33 additional video and audio interviews. Data were transcribed and analyzed thematically by both students and academics. Selected material was integrated into a digital learning platform used in pharmacy education in Norway. Results: Interviewees described major developments in pharmaceutical production, digitalization of logistics and dispensing, early adoption of automation, IT systems for safe medicine distribution, the emergence of clinical pharmacy, and strengthened emergency preparedness. The stories highlighted increasing competence needs in digital tools, decision support, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Students involved reported increased engagement and a deeper understanding of professional roles, career pathways, and future competence needs. The narratives also supported reflection on the societal and humanistic dimensions of pharmacy. Conclusions: Integrating professional stories into pharmacy education represents an innovative and transferable approach to linking past developments with future competencies. This method supports curriculum design by embedding authentic professional experiences and promoting competencies in digital literacy, clinical practice, and professional judgment. The approach is adaptable across educational contexts and may contribute to developing a future-oriented and resilient pharmacy workforce.

• Gutema, Girma Belachew (2026). Trends and Challenges in Antibiotic Consumption: Findings Focused on Clinical and Community Cases from Ethiopia Call for Public Health Policy Actions. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Antibiotics hold a unique place in the history of modern medicine. This is so not only because they lose effectiveness with their increasing use as a result of bacterial resistance, but also due to the fact that they constitute “societal drugs” for their irrational use can harm patients anywhere and everywhere in the world. No other class of drugs extended human life expectancy at birth by over four decades like antibiotics did in the history of modern medicine. This posits the rational use of antibiotics to be a COMMON GOOD for all—making a globally coordinated approach to control the judicial use of antibiotics both at the clinical and community settings very imperative. This PhD dissertation shades light on some of the challenges associated with antibiotic consumption both at clinical and community settings, with particular emphasis on cases from Ethiopia. It also draws on the analyses of trend data on antibiotic consumption as part of an attempt to identify gaps for further public health policy actions. Moreover, a model we constructed on how COVID19 might have had impacted the evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in African settings, based on a synthesis of the earliest available evidence, predicted that the former might have fuelled the later almost unhindered—not least during the period that constituted the peak of the pandemic. Generally, the findings in our studies underscore the need to: 1) design and implement effective Antimicrobial Stewardship programs in the Ethiopian healthcare systems, 2) institute nationally and regionally tailored stewardship strategies to effectively control the use of antibiotics to contain the challenges associated with antibiotic overuse (over consumption) and hence antibiotic resistance, 3) COVID-19 has potentially been fuelling the evolution of AMR in African settings where healthcare systems are underdeveloped, underfunded and the prevailing dynamic conditions with regard to AMR were already dire. The cumulative of all these findings call for concerted public health policy actions, especially in Ethiopia.

• Hoel, Håvard; Inngjerdingen, Kari Tvete & Wangensteen, Helle (2026). Comparative structure–activity relationship of naturally derived polysaccharides targeting pattern recognition receptors. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Due to their low toxicity and ability to activate the immune system, the use of polysaccharides from plants and fungi have been proposed in cancer therapy and vaccine development. Despite these well-known abilities, the relationship between chemical structure and immunostimulatory activity remains unclear. In this thesis, polysaccharides from plants and one fungus were tested for the ability to activate immune cells through interaction with proteins which recognize infections, known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The results show that some polysaccharide structures are more active towards certain PRRs than others, and that highly branched pectin type polysaccharides from the plant cell wall are amongst the most active. On the other hand, polysaccharides which were more linear were less active, or lacked immunostimulatory properties altogether. One pectin isolated from the Norwegian medicinal plant Gentiana purpurea L. showed activation of multiple PRRs, and its structure was therefore comprehensively characterized. This pectin was modified by removing specific parts of molecule, and its immunostimulatory effects were tested again. Depending on which part was removed, the activity either increased or decreased, indicating that specific structural properties of the polysaccharide are more associated with activation of specific PRRs than others. These results provide further insight into the correlation between polysaccharide structure and immunostimulatory activity.

• Cuk, Ana (2026). Formulation of injectable hydrogels for controlled release of local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Despite the rapidly growing comprehension of both physiology and pharmacology, pain treatment may still be invasive and generate cascades of events resulting in impaired health. An example is suppression of postoperative pain in surgical settings, which is routinely effectuated by repeated injections of local anesthetics. These demanding treatment protocols for patients and clinicians underscore the need for more user-friendly solutions. This work shows that injectable hydrogels can be well-suited carriers for local anesthetics, and therefore capable of reducing the dosage frequency. The hydrogels were prepared from stimuli-responsive polymers, materials that gel upon a certain stimulus such as ions or temperature. The gelling was initiated right before injection in case of ionic crosslinking, or after injection for thermoresponsive systems. Controlled release during several days, obtained in in vitro experiments, translated into a clear clinical effect in vivo. The peripheral nerve block simulation on a large animal model implied great potential for prospective administration in humans. The developed hydrogels could expand the use of local anesthetics to the management of chronic pain as well. In general, the hydrogel carriers could be suitable for any indication that would benefit from local drug delivery.

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