Anne Gerd Granås

• Baftiu, Arton; Feet, Silje Andrea; Larsson, Pål Gunnar; Burns, Margrete Larsen; Henning, Oliver Johannes; Sætre, Erik; Molden, Espen; Granås, Anne Gerd; Johannessen, Svein Ivar & Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen (2018). Utilisation and polypharmacy aspects of antiepileptic drugs in elderly versus younger patients with epilepsy: A pharmacoepidemiological study of CNS-active drugs in Norway, 2004-2015. Epilepsy Research.  ISSN 0920-1211.  139, s 35- 42 . doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.11.001
• Johansen, Jeanette Schultz; Havnes, Kjerstin; Halvorsen, Kjell H.; Haustreis, Stine-Mari; Skaue, Lillann Wilsgård; Kamycheva, Elena; Mathiesen, Liv; Viktil, Kirsten Kilvik; Granås, Anne Gerd & Garcia, Beate Hennie (2018). Interdisciplinary collaboration across secondary and primary care to improve medication safety in the elderly (IMMENSE study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open.  ISSN 2044-6055.  8:e020106, s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020106 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2017). Legemiddelepikrise fra farmasøyt - følges den opp av fastlege?. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  125(10), s 35- 38
• Bell, Hege Therese; Granås, Anne Gerd; Enmarker, Ingela Christina; Omli, Omli, Ragnhild & Steinsbekk, Aslak (2017). Nurses' and pharmacists' learning experiences from participating in inter professional medication reviews in elderly in primary health care - a qualitative study. BMC Family Practice.  ISSN 1471-2296.  18(30) . doi: 10.1186/s12875-017-0598-0 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Bell, Hege Therese; Steinsbekk, Aslak & Granås, Anne Gerd (2017). Elderly users of fall-risk-increasing drug perceptions of fall risk and the relation to their drug use?a qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care.  ISSN 0281-3432.  35(3), s 247- 255 . doi: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1358438 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Costa, Filipa A.; Scullin, Claire; Al-Taani, Ghaith; Hawwa, Ahmed F.; Anderson, Claire; Bezverhni, Zinaidi; Binakaj, Zahida; Cordina, Maria; Foulon, Veerle; Garcia de Bikuña, Borja; de Gier, Han; Granås, Anne Gerd; Grinstova, Olga; Griese-Mammen, Nina; Grincevicus, Jonas; Grincevicience, Svitrigaile; Kaae, Susanne; Kubiliene, Loreta; Mariño, Eduardo L.; Martins, Silvia; Modamio, Pilar; Nadin, Giancarlo; Nørgaard, Lotte Stig; Obarcanin, Emina; Tadic, Ivana; Tasic, Ljiljana; McElnay, James C.; Hersberger, Kurt E. & Westerlund, Tommy (2017). Provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe: Is it developing and spreading?. Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice.  ISSN 1356-1294.  23(6), s 1336- 1347 . doi: 10.1111/jep.12783 Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Rationale, Aims, and Objectives Pharmaceutical care involves patient-centred pharmacist activity to improve medicines management by patients. The implementation of this service in a comprehensive manner, however, requires considerable organisation and effort, and indeed, it is often not fully implemented in care settings. The main objective was to assess how pharmaceutical care provision within community pharmacy has evolved over time in Europe. Method A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of community pharmacies, using a modified version of the Behavioural Pharmaceutical Care Scale (BPCS) was conducted in late 2012/early 2013 within 16 European countries and compared with an earlier assessment conducted in 2006. Results The provision of comprehensive pharmaceutical care has slightly improved in all European countries that participated in both editions of this survey (n = 8) with progress being made particularly in Denmark and Switzerland. Moreover, there was a wider country uptake, indicating spread of the concept. However, due to a number of limitations, the results should be interpreted with caution. Using combined data from participating countries, the provision of pharmaceutical care was positively correlated with the participation of the community pharmacists in patient-centred activities, routine use of pharmacy software with access to clinical data, participation in multidisciplinary team meetings, and having specialized education. Conclusions The present study demonstrated a slight evolution in self-reported provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe, as measured by the BPCS. The slow progress suggests a range of barriers, which are preventing pharmacists moving beyond traditional roles. Support from professional bodies and more patient-centred community pharmacy contracts, including remuneration for pharmaceutical care services, are likely to be required if quicker progress is to be made in the future

• Eek, Anne Katrine; Øie, Erik & Granås, Anne Gerd (2017). Prescribing of NOACs has outnumbered warfarin: exploring how physicians choose anticoagulant treatments. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.  ISSN 0031-6970.  74(3), s 323- 330 . doi: 10.1007/s00228-017-2374-4
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Bakken, Marit Stordal; Ruths, Sabine & Taxis, Katja (2017). Deprescribing for frail older people – Learning from the case of Mrs. Hansen. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy.  ISSN 1551-7411. . doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.07.003
• Halvorsrud, Liv; Hoel, Kari Anne & Granås, Anne Gerd (2017). Tverrprofesjonelle legemiddelgjennomganger i hjemmebaserte tjenester; en utfordring?. Geriatrisk sykepleie.  ISSN 1891-1889.  2, s 8- 15
• Mevåg, Morten Andreas; Henning, Oliver Johannes; Baftiu, Arton; Granås, Anne Gerd; Johannessen, Svein Ivar; Nakken, Karl Otto & Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen (2017). Discrepancies between physicians’ prescriptions and patients’ use of antiepileptic drugs. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-6314.  135(1), s 80- 87 . doi: 10.1111/ane.12578
• Andreassen, Lillan Mo; Granås, Anne Gerd; Sølvik, Una Ørvim & Kjome, Reidun Lisbet Skeide (2016). 'I try not to bother the residents too much' - the use of capillary blood glucose measurements in nursing homes. BMC Nursing.  ISSN 1472-6955.  15:7 . doi: 10.1186/s12912-016-0129-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hagesæther, Ellen; Siggerud, Ingeborg & Granås, Anne Gerd (2016). Legemiddelhåndtering i hjemmesykepleien - rapporterte og observerte avvik. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  124(9), s 24- 28
• Halvorsen, Kjell H.; Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen & Granås, Anne Gerd (2016). Prevalence of Different Combinations of Antiepileptic Drugs and CNS Drugs in Elderly Home Care Service and Nursing Home Patients in Norway. Epilepsy Research and Treatment.  ISSN 2090-1348.  2016, s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1155/2016/5153093 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Bell, Hege Therese; Steinsbekk, Aslak & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Factors influencing prescribing of fall-risk-increasing drugs to the elderly: A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care.  ISSN 0281-3432.  33(2), s 107- 114 . doi: 10.3109/02813432.2015.1041829 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Granås, Anne Gerd & Almarsdottir, Anna Birna (2015). Social Pharmacy and Clinical Pharamcy - Joining Forces. Pharmacy.  ISSN 2226-4787.  4(1) . doi: 10.3390/pharmacy4010001 Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: This commentary seeks to define the areas of social pharmacy and clinical pharmacy to uncover what they have in common and what still sets them apart. Common threats and challenges of the two areas are reviewed in order to understand the forces in play. Forces that still keep clinical and social pharmacy apart are university structures, research traditions, and the management of pharmacy services. There are key (but shrinking) differences between clinical and social pharmacy which entail the levels of study within pharmaceutical sciences, the location in which the research is carried out, the choice of research designs and methods, and the theoretical foundations. Common strengths and opportunities are important to know in order to join forces. Finding common ground can be developed in two areas: participating together in multi-disciplinary research, and uniting in a dialogue with internal and external key players in putting forth what is needed for the profession of pharmacy. At the end the question is posed, “What’s in a name?” and we argue that it is important to emphasize what unifies the families of clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy for the benefit of both fields, pharmacy in general, and society at large.

• Hagesæther, Ellen; Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen; Neslein, Inger-Lise & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Legemidler og pasientsikkerhet - fokus på eldre. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  123(1), s 26- 30 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Nørgaard, Lotte Stig & Sporrong, Sofia K (2014). Lost in translation?. Comparing three Scandinavian translations of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. Patient Education and Counseling.  ISSN 0738-3991.  96(2), s 216- 221 . doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.05.010
• Rønningen, Stine Wang; Bakken, Kjersti & Granås, Anne Gerd (2013). Behovsmedisinering i sykehjem: Forskrivning, bruk og dokumentasjon av effekt. Sykepleien Forskning.  ISSN 1890-2936.  1(8), s 16- 24 . doi: 10.4220/sykepleienf.2013.0005 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Widnes, Sofia Kristina Frost; Schjøtt, Jan; Eide, Geir Egil & Granås, Anne Gerd (2013). Teratogenic risk perception and confidence in use of medicines in pairs of pregnant women and general practitioners based on patient information leaflets. Drug Safety.  ISSN 0114-5916.  36(6), s 481- 489 . doi: 10.1007/s40264-013-0035-9
• Halvorsen, Kjell Hermann & Granås, Anne Gerd (2012). Multidosepakkede legemidler i Skandinavia : en systematisk oversikt over muligheter og begrensninger. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  120(4), s 22- 27
• Halvorsen, Kjell Hermann; Granås, Anne Gerd; Engeland, Anders & Ruths, Sabine (2012). Prescribing quality for older people in Norwegian nursing homes and home nursing services using multidose dispensed drugs. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.  ISSN 1053-8569.  21(9), s 929- 936 . doi: 10.1002/pds.2232
• Kjome, Reidun Lisbet Skeide; Røraas, Thomas Helge; Granås, Anne Gerd & Sandberg, Sverre (2012). Fylkesvise forskjeller i salg av blodglukosestrimler og antidiabetika. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  132(12-13), s 1453- 1456 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.1196
• Widnes, Sofia Kristina Frost; Schjøtt, Jan & Granås, Anne Gerd (2012). Risk perception and medicines information needs in pregnant women with epilepsy - A qualitative study. Seizure.  ISSN 1059-1311.  21(8), s 597- 602 . doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.06.007
• Andreassen, Lillan Mo; Halvorsen, Kjell Hermann & Granås, Anne Gerd (2011). Store ulikskapar i innhald, utforming og kvalitet på dei generelle skriftlege direktiva : behovsmedisinering i sjukeheimar. Sykepleien Forskning.  ISSN 1890-2936.  (1), s 46- 52
• Haavik, Svein; Søviknes, Silje; Erdal, Hilde; Kjønniksen, Inge; Guttormsen, Anne Berit & Granås, Anne Gerd (2011). Prescriptions from general practitioners and in hospital physicians requiring pharmacists' interventions. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.  ISSN 1053-8569.  20(1), s 50- 56 . doi: 10.1002/pds.1949
• Halvorsen, Kjell Hermann; Stensland, Per Steinar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2011). A qualitative study of physicians’ and nurses’ experiences of multidisciplinary collaboration with pharmacists participating at case conferences. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.  ISSN 0961-7671.  19(5), s 350- 357 . doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00129.x
• Welle-Nilsen, Lina Kristin; Morken, Tone; Hunskaar, Steinar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2011). Minor ailments in out-of-hours primary care: An observational study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care.  ISSN 0281-3432.  29(1), s 39- 44 . doi: 10.3109/02813432.2010.545209
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Berg, Christian Lie; Hjellvik, Vidar; Haukereid, Cecilie; Kronstad, Arvid; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Kilhovd, Bente; Viktil, Kirsten K & Horn, Anne Marie (2010). Evaluating categorisation and clinical relevance of drug-related problems in medication reviews. Pharmacy World & Science.  ISSN 0928-1231.  32(3), s 394- 403 . doi: 10.1007/s11096-010-9385-x

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• Almarsdottir, Anna Birna; Granås, Anne Gerd & Blondal, Anna Bryndis (2018). Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Education Chapter in: Clinical and Social Perspectives on Pharmacy Services. Elsevier.  ISBN 9780128142776.  540 s. Vis sammendrag

  Clinical Pharmacy Education, Practice and Research offers readers a solid foundation in clinical pharmacy and related sciences through contributions by 83 leading experts in the field from 25 countries. This book stresses educational approaches that empower pharmacists with patient care and research competencies. The learning objectives and writing style of the book focus on clarifying the concepts comprehensively for a pharmacist, from regular patient counseling to pharmacogenomics practice. It covers all interesting topics a pharmacist should know. This book serves as a basis to standardize and coordinate learning to practice, explaining basics and using self-learning strategies through online resources or other advanced texts. With an educational approach, it guides pharmacy students and pharmacists to learn quickly and apply. Clinical Pharmacy Education, Practice and Research provides an essential foundation for pharmacy students and pharmacists globally.

• Bakken, Kjersti & Granås, Anne Gerd (red.) (2018). Samfunnsfarmasi. Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-2456-2.  428 s.
• Granås, Anne Gerd & Bakken, Kjersti (red.) (2010). Samfunnsfarmasi - legmiddelbruk og farmasøytisk profesjonsutøvelse. Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-0798-5.  300 s.

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• Almarsdottir, Anna Birna; Granås, Anne Gerd & Blondal, Anna Bryndis (2018). Clinical and Social Perspectives on Pharmacy Services, In  Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Education Chapter in: Clinical and Social Perspectives on Pharmacy Services.  Elsevier.  ISBN 9780128142776.  Chaptter 3. Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Education.  s 31 - 40
• Anette Vik, Jøsendal; Granås, Anne Gerd & Bergmo, Trine Strand (2018). Quality of prescribing for Norwegian elderly patients using automated multidose dispensed drugs.
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Bakken, Marit Stordal; Ruths, Sabine & Finckenhagen, Morten (2018). Deprescribing = avmedisinering. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  138(4) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0845
• Hagesæther, Ellen; Chairi, Hajar; Bayar, Mariam & Granås, Anne Gerd (2018). Medication errors associated with customized gentamicin dosing. Vis sammendrag

  Background and Objective: Gentamicin is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for example against sepsis in children in a hospital setting. Dosing is a balancing act between achieving the desired effect and avoiding renal and otic toxicity. Therefore, personalized dosing taking for example body weight and kidney function into account is required, in combination with therapeutic drug monitoring. The objective of this study was to assess medication errors associated with customized gentamicin dosing. More specifically to answer the following questions: what kind of errors occur most frequently, what age group are mostly affected and what are the causes and consequences. Setting and Method: Medication errors reported from hospitals/secondary care to a nation-wide error reporting system in 2016 in Norway. The method used to categorize errors was a modified version of the WHO Conceptual Framework for the International Classification for Patient Safety adjusted by the Norwegian Health Authorities. Main outcome measures: Analysis of written descriptions of errors and classification of medication errors involving gentamicin. Results: In total, 23 out of 1881 reported medication errors involved gentamicin. Of these, 10 involved children between 0-4 years. 18 of the errors (78 %) occurred during the administration process and the remaining 5 errors occurred during the prescribing process. For 11 cases, failing communication/cooperation between health care workers was identified as a cause of error. In 7 cases procedures put in place were not followed and in 3 cases a lack of competence was reported. No major patient injuries were reported, but in 3 cases subsequently careful monitoring of the affected patients was required. The most common errors occurring during administration were omitted dose (n=5) and wrong dosage/speed/strength (n=4), and the most common error during prescription was wrong dosage (n=3). Conclusion: The most frequent error involving gentamicin was omission during medicine administration, mainly caused by personnel failing to communicate with each other. Medication errors associated with customized gentamicin dosing disproportionally affected young children (0-4 years).The consequences for the patients were mild, but required extra monitoring. Our detailed analysis of nationally reported medication errors is the first step towards producing learning-material to improve patient safety.

• Hoel, Kari Anne; Almås, Inger Karin; Granås, Anne Gerd & Halvorsrud, Liv Torill (2018). Interdisciplinary systematic medication reviews in housing for people with intellectual disabilities in Norway.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2017). Suksess med vaksinering i USAs apotek - hva med Norge?. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  125(9), s 38- 39
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Mohammed, Amani Qasem; Aanensen, Julie; Halvorsen, Kjell H. & Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen (2017). Medications reviews in patients with mental disabilities.
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Ruths, Sabine; Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Langørgen, Aina G.; Spigset, Olav & Bakken, Marit Stordal (2017). Norsk oversettelse av forskrivningsverktøyet STOPPFrail. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  s 25- 27
• Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen; Baftiu, Arton; Granås, Anne Gerd; Hagesæther, Ellen; Holm, Lene Berge; Kiselev, Yury; Krogstad, Tonje & Neslein, Inger-Lise Fredriksen (2017). Medicines and patient safety.
• Bell, Hege Therese; Granås, Anne Gerd; Omli, Omli, Ragnhild; Enmarker, Ingela Christina & Steinsbekk, Aslak (2016). Nurses' and pharmacists' learning experiences from participating in inter professional medication reviews in primary health care: a qualitative study.. Vis sammendrag

  Background and Objective: Traditionally, drug prescription and follow up have been the sole responsibility of physicians. However, interprofessional medication reviews (IMRs) have been developed to prevent drug discrepancies and patient harm. What participating nurses and pharmacists learn from each other during IMR is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ and pharmacists’ perceived learning experience after participating in IMRs in primary health care for up to two years. Setting and Method: A qualitative study with semi-structured focus group interviews and telephone interviews with nurses and pharmacists with experience from IMRs in nursing homes and home based services. The data was analysed thematically by using systematic text condensation. Main outcome measures: A qualitative method is useful when looking at objects from the perspective of how they are experienced. Results: Sixteen nurses and four pharmacists were interviewed. The nurses’ perception of the pharmacist changed from being a controller of drug management routines towards being a source of pharmacotherapy knowledge and a discussant partner of appropriate drug therapy in the elderly. The pharmacists became more aware of the nurses’ crucial role of providing clinical information about the patient to enable individual advice. Increasingly the nurses learned to link the patient’s symptoms of effect and side effect to the drugs prescribed. With time both professions jointly spoke of an increased awareness of the benefit of working as a team and the perception of contributing to better and more individual care. Conclusion: IMRs in primary health care meet some challenges especially concerning how to ensure participation of all three professions and how to get thorough information about the patient. Possible solutions might be to use shared communication tools like Internet based communication programs and to introduce the patient as a participant at the IMRs.

• Granås, Anne Gerd (2016). Ikke kast papirresepten!. Dagbladet.  ISSN 0805-3766. Vis sammendrag

  Neste gang du står og tripper utålmodig i apotekkøen, send en varm tanke til de bak skranken som bruker tid på å sjekke dine legemidler, doser, styrker, interaksjoner.

• Granås, Anne Gerd (2016, 01. mars). Konkret hjelp til abstractskriving. [Tidsskrift]. Vis sammendrag

  Det var kursleder og professor ved ­Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, Anne Gerd Granås, og FoU-sjef ved Sykehus­apotekene HF, Liv Mathiesen, som også denne gangen samlet håpefulle ­farmasøyter med et ønske om å få publisert sine forsknings­resultater. De har tidligere holdt kurs om hva farmasøytene må gjøre for å få sine prosjekter eller masteroppgaver opp fra skrivebordsskuffen og publisert som artikler i tidsskrifter.

• Granås, Anne Gerd (2016). Legemiddelgjennomganger hos psykisk utviklingshemmende i Oslo Kommune. Legemiddelrelaterte problemer og tiltak..
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2016, 28. desember). Mener farmasøyter må rådgi, ikke selge julegaver.  Bergensavisen. Vis sammendrag

  Stortingsrepresentant Ruth Grung (Ap) mener professor Anne Gerd Granås kan ha et godt poeng når hun hevder at farmasøytene må brukes bedre for å få ned feil bruk av medisin. Professoren stiller seg undrende til at farmasøyter med fem års medisinsk utdanning brukes til å selge julegaver på apotekene

• Granås, Anne Gerd (2016, 27. november). Svært mange dør av feil medisinbruk..  Bergensavisen. Vis sammendrag

  – Det har vært en bransjeglidning mot skjønnhet og velvære. Apotekene er i større grad blitt til parfymerier. Da kan det være grunn til å stille spørsmål ved hva farmasøytene skal bruke tiden sin på, om de skal informere pasientene om riktig medisinbruk eller om de skal selge julegaver, sier Granås. Tidligere har hun vært tilknyttet Senter for farmasi ved Universitetet i Bergen. Hun påpeker at farmasøyter har opptil fem års utdanning i medisin, og at dette er kunnskap som må komme pasientene til gode.

• Granås, Anne Gerd (2016). e-Learning and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Mohammed, Amani Qasem; Aanensen, Julie; Halvorsen, Kjell H. & Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen (2016). Medication review in patients with mental disabilities.. Vis sammendrag

  Background and Objective: Systematic medication reviews in interdisciplinary teams can help to identify potential and actual drug-related problems (DRP). The Centre for Development of Institutional and Home Care Services in Oslo, Norway, conducted medication reviews for polypharmacy patients with mental disabilities in 2015-2016, based on a lack of knowledge about drug-related problems in this patient group. The objective was to examine prescribing patterns, frequencies and types of DRP in patients with mental disabilities. Setting and Method: The forms for medication reviews were developed by the national patient safety campaign in Norway. The nurse/social educator recruited eligible patients, observed them, and ordered test if needed. The clinical pharmacist (JWA) reviewed the medications to identify DRPs. The interdisciplinary case conference took place at the different general practitioners’ offices being responsible for the individual patients. The general practitioner, the nurse/social educator and the pharmacist were present, and in some cases, also patients took part. Main outcome measures: An independent researcher (AQM) collected and analysed the data based on the DRP-forms containing information on the prescribed medicines, strength, dose, indication, a description of DRP and suggested interventions to resolve them. Results: Overall, 40 patients with mental disabilities, aged 34-77 years, consented to have a medication review. They used on average 12 medicines (range 5-23). The team identified 191 DRP in 39 of the 40 patients (average 4.9, range 0-13). Overall, 79 % of all DRP were resolved. For one-third of the medicines, an action was taken to improve the prescribing. The most commonly medicines were analgesics (62 %), antiepileptics (58 %) and anxiolytics (52 %). The most frequent DRPs were unnecessary drug choice (24 %), side effects (11 %) and too low dose (11 %). DRPs were most common in antipsychotics (10 %), antidepressants (9 %) and anxiolytics (7 %). Conclusion: Patients with intellectual disabilities take more medicines and have many DRPs compared to other patient groups. They are also more prone to taking combinations of CNS-active medicines and therefore more at risk of side effects and drug interactions.

• Granås, Anne Gerd & Slupphaug, Helle (2016). Ufullstendige resepter. Dagens medisin.  ISSN 1501-4290. Vis sammendrag

  Påført bruksområde er nødvendig for at pasienter skal kunne vite hva ulike medisiner brukes for, men seks av ti resepter er ikke påført bruksområde. Det er på tide med full skjerpings om bruksområde og fullstendig bruksrettledning.

• Granås, Anne Gerd & Taxis, Katja (2016). Less is more? Deprescribing in older polypharmacy patients..
• Halvorsrud, Liv; Hoel, Kari Anne & Granås, Anne Gerd (2016). Erfaringer med tverrprofesjonelle legemiddelgjennomganger i hjemmebaserte tjenester i Norge.
• Halvorsrud, Liv; Hoel, Kari Anne & Granås, Anne Gerd (2016). Experiences with interdisciplinary systematic medication reviews in homecare services in Norway.
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johansen, LG & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Hospital pharmacists narrow the gap between health care levels by optimizing discharge letters.
• Foss, Camilla & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Acquisition of communication skills for pharmacy students: role-play, video and debriefing. Vis sammendrag

  Acquisition of communication skills for pharmacy students: role-play, video and debriefing C. Foss1,*, A. G. Granas1 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway Background and objective: Theoretical learning dominates most pharmacy curricula. Students therefore struggle in transmitting theoretical knowledge into professional communication skills. This challenge is particularly apparent during pre-registration placements in pharmacies. To improve student learning, role-plays are often part of the training to build communicating competencies. The aim of our educational training was to enhance students’ communication skills and reflectivity as to how they communicate with patients. Setting and method: A ‘‘fake’’ pharmacy where 57 students played either patients or pharmacists. The consultations are videotaped. Main outcome measures: The outcome measures were a fourfold debriefing: (1) How do the students as a ‘‘pharmacist’’ perceive their communication technique and ability to identify patients’ needs? (2) After watching the video, how do they assess their own body language and professional attitude? (3) Fellow students give feedback to the live and taped version of the consultation. (4) The lecturer give feedback on communication technique, suggesting improvements, and on how theoretical knowledge was communicated to the patient. Results: Seeing oneself on video triggered mixed feelings amongst students. Some were surprised of how stern or authoritarian they looked, that they had a distant posture, and spoke with low voice. Others felt positive about succeeding in making eye contact with the patient, and being able to communicate drug information to the patient. Feedback from fellow students generally modified any negative self-impressions, but they had few suggestions on how to improve communication skills. Feedback from the lecturer mainly concerned the ability to ask open-ended questions, to elucidate relevant information from the patients, and not asking enough questions before recommending a medicine or giving other non-medical advice. Conclusion: The role-play enhanced the students’ communication skills and reflectivity to a certain level. For future students, we will apply journal writing where students further reflect upon feedback given. Disclosure of interest: None declared.

• Foss, Camilla & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Despite having my teacher’s voice I really believed the avatar was a patient. Vis sammendrag

  Despite having my teacher’s voice I really believed the avatar was a patient C. Foss1,*, A. G. Granas1 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway Background and objective: Many pharmacy students are afraid to expose incompetence in role-plays, in particular if their counter partner is a lecturer, due to the obvious hierarchal difference. If both student and lecturer take on avatar roles, it may be easier for the ‘‘avatar-pharmacist’’ (student) and the ‘‘avatar-patient’’ (lecturer) to communicate as equals. The aim of this study was to explore if virtual role-play diminish some hierarchical barriers compared to classical role-plays. Setting and method: Swedish pharmacy students had played pharmacist- avatars against their lecturer playing patient-avatars. An interview guide about strengths and limitations of virtual role-play was developed. We taped four Skype interviews (30–45 min) with students, and analysed the answers. In addition we visually observed one of the role-plays in the virtual world. Main outcome measures: Strengths and limitations of virtual roleplays. Results: The students said that they ‘‘felt that the setting was as a real pharmacy’’ and that they ‘‘accepted their avatar-roles as a true pharmacist’’, despite that the patient-avatar had the lecturer’s voice. The students said it was easier to actually hear and interpret what the avatar-patient said in a rather simple simulated pharmacy compared to traditional role-plays with other students present. The explanation was that there were fewer impressions to focus on in the virtual room. Shortcomings with a patient-avatar is lack of body language. Students missed the ability to observe patients feelings such as uncertainty or anxiety. Students felt virtual role-plays had highlighted their need to strengthen their skills in observing patients’ body language in a normal pharmacy. Conclusion: Virtual role-play reduced some of the hierarchical barriers between students and lecturer. However, students felt that the lack of body language in the patient-avatar limited their ability to interpret if patients understood their communication about medicines. A virtual world can, with today’s technology, only partly replace traditional role-plays and/or training in the real pharmacy settings. Disclosure of interest: None declared.

• Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Finn fem feil: pasientens legemidler i samhandling mellom sykehus – sykehjem.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). PERFORMING CLINICAL PHARMACY STUDIES ACROSS THE NORDIC AND BALTIC COUNTRIES – HOW CAN WE STRENGTHEN RESEARCH BY USING JOINT PROTOCOLS AND/OR SUPERVISION?.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Paneldebatt om norskkunnskaper hos farmasøyter..
• Granås, Anne Gerd & Bell, Hege Therese (2015). Interdisciplinary and structured drug reviews in primary health care- health personnel’s perceived value of participation.
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Ruths, Sabine; Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Langørgen, Aina G.; Spigset, Olav & Bakken, Marit Stordal (2015). Norsk oversettelse av START 2 og STOPP 2. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Tang, Ly Chur; Østesen, Ingri MG & Heier, Kristin Flagstad (2015). Drug related problems in patients receiving home care services—a multidisciplinary approach to integrated medicines management.
• Halvorsen, Kjell H.; Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Use of antiepileptic drugs in combination with central nervous system drugs in elderly home care service and nursing home patients in Norway.
• Halvorsen, Kjell H.; Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Use of antiepileptic drugs in combination with central nervous system drugs in elderly home care service and nursing home patients in Norway. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.  ISSN 2210-7703.  37(2), s 5- 5
• Neslein, Inger-Lise; Granås, Anne Gerd; Hagesæther, Ellen & Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen (2015). Incidence of type 2 diabetes and use of oral antidiabetic drugs in the elderly population in Norway. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.  ISSN 2210-7703.  37, s 5- 5
• Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Bakken, Marit Stordal; Granås, Anne Gerd; Langørgen, Aina G.; Spigset, Olav & Ruths, Sabine (2015). Bedre legemiddelbehandling av eldre. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  135(4), s 318- 318 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1618
• Slupphaug, Helle; Boel, Cecilia; Stene, Hanne; Chan, Macty; Nguyen, Michelle Thao & Granås, Anne Gerd (2015). Leger utelater opplysninger om bruksområde på eResepter – en fare for pasientsikkerheten?.
• Thoresen, Kjersti; Granås, Anne Gerd & Blaauw Hval, Andreas (red.) (2015). Hjemmeapoteket (podcast). Vis sammendrag

  Hvor mye medisiner trenger du å ha hjemme for sikkerhets skyld? Hvordan skal de oppbevares? Og hvordan reduserer du best pollenplagene nå når våren er her? Professor i farmasi ved HiOA, Anne Gerd Granås svarer på dette, og kommer med flere gode tips om hjemmeapoteket i denne episoden av Viten og snakkis med Andreas og Kjersti.

• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Hospital pharmacists narrow the gap between health care levels by optimizing discharge letters.
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granlund, Sylvia; Midtdal, Kristin; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Johnsen, Lars Gunnar & Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Hospital pharmacists narrow the gap between health care levels by optimizing discharge letters.
• Aa, Elizabeth; Granås, Anne Gerd; Blix, Hege Salvesen & Johnsen, Lars Gunnar (2014). Epikrise med farmasøytnotat - Fastlegers erfaringer med og nytte av farmasøytnotat ved utskrivning fra St. Olavs Hospital.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Flipped classroom , pod cast og digitale kollokvier. Erfaringer fra farmasiutdanningen.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Funn fra legemiddelgjennomgang i hjemmetjenesten i Oslo..
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Kvintessensen av farmasidagene 2014..
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Legemiddelgjennomganger hos eldre i sykehjem og hjemmetjenesten. Pasientkasuistikker fra sykehjemmet..
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Legemiddelgjennomganger hos eldre: tverrfaglig skreddersøm eller standardiserte verktøy?.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Mange muligheter med medisiner – Bli farmasøyt!.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Medicines reconciliation - is it solving the Chinese whisper?.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2014). Too much, too little. Using Tools for measuring and discussiing quality of medicatin use in elderly patients..
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Almarsdottir, Anna Birna; Tang, Ly Chur; Østesen, Ingri Marie; Andersen, Sølvi; Orlund, Line & Heier, Kristin Fladstad (2014). Multidisciplinary medication reconciliation and medication review in home care services.
• Granås, Anne Gerd & Kristiansen, Rolf (2014, 18. juli). Fokus på feil legemiddelbruk i hjemmetjenesten.  Akers avis Groruddalen.
• Granås, Anne Gerd & Taxis, Katja (2014). Too much or too little? Using Tools for medicatin reviews of elderly patients.
• Neslein, Inger-Lise; Granås, Anne Gerd; Hagesæther, Ellen & Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen (2014). Diabetes Type 2 and Use of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in the Elderly Population in Norway.
• Nilsen, Bernt Roald & Granås, Anne Gerd (2014, 01. desember). Hold orden på medisinene!. [Internett].  http://www.pasientsikkerhetnorge.no/. Vis sammendrag

  Etter hvert som vi blir eldre skjer det noe med kroppen vår. Forbrenningen går saktere, og flere av våre vitale organer oppfører seg annerledes. Men mange fortsetter med de samme legemidlene. Undersøkelser viser at mange går på feil og for mange legemidler, og dette går utover pasientsikkerheten, ifølge professor i samfunnsfarmasi ved HIOA, Anne Gerd Granås

• Tang, Ly Chur; Granås, Anne Gerd & Almarsdottir, Anna Birna (2014). Legemiddelgjennomgang i hjemmetjenesten.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2013). Opp av skrivebordsskuffen. Vis sammendrag

  Oppfordringen var helt klar da de to forskningsildsjelene og farmasøytene Liv Mathiesen og Anne Gerd Granås på vegne av Sykehusapotekene HF og HiOA inviterte til skrive-workshop for farmasøyter; forskningsresultater må publiseres!

• Granås, Anne Gerd; Brønmo, Hanne; Finsrud, Tore; Tannæs, Bjørg Siw Møller & Arukwe, Joseph (2013, 22. oktober). 7954 fikk tilbud om studieplass - skolen har bare 4255 plasser.  Aftenposten. Vis sammendrag

  Kapasiteten er sprengt på farmasistudentenes laboratorium. Utdanningene ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus (HiOA) tok opp dobbelt så mange studenter som det er plass til.

• Granås, Anne Gerd; Foss, Camilla & Hermansen, Hege (2013, 17. desember). Fra utdanningene: bruk av digitale kollokvier for å styrke forholdet mellom utdanning og praksis. [Internett].  Blogg: Program for fremragende profesjonskvalifisering (FPK). Vis sammendrag

  Anne Gerd Granås og Camilla Foss jobber ved Institutt for farmasi og bioingeniørfag, hvor de blant annet underviser ved bachelorgraden i farmasi. Camilla Foss er også student ved LUI, hvor hun tar en mastergrad i IKT-støttet læring. Her forteller de hvordan de skal prøve ut et videokonferanseverktøy for å holde digitale kollokvier med tredjeårsstudenter som er ute i en seks måneders praksisperiode ved apotek, for å knytte sterkere relasjoner mellom utdanning og praksis. Initiativet er et samarbeid med eCampus.

• Granås, Anne Gerd & Sørgaard, Grethe (2013). Praksisveileder: Mentor, coach eller «bare» veileder?. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  3, s 22- 24 Vis sammendrag

  Har det å være veileder høy status i apotek? Hvem er det som er pådriverne for at ­praksisveilederne skal være gode faglige og profesjonelle rollemodeller? Hvordan kan vi ­som undervisningsinstitusjon støtte, utfordre og oppmuntre alle veilederne i apotek? Med dette ­innlegget ønsker vi å bidra med nettopp dette.

• Granås, Anne Gerd & Taxis, Katja (2013). Too much, too little? Using tools for measuring and discussing quality of medication use in elderly patients.
• Granås, Anne Gerd; Wilhelmsen, Guri & Ytterbø, Tove (2013). Mindre krem, mer farmasi. Vis sammendrag

  Pharmaceutical Network Europe (PCNE) har som formål å fremme farmasøytisk omsorg i Europa. PCNE gjennomførte i 2006 en spørreundersøkelse i 13 europeiske land for å kartlegge omfanget av farmasøytisk omsorg og ulike faktorer som kan påvirke utøvelsen av denne. Våren 2013 ble undersøkelsen gjentatt i 25 land og denne gangen var også Norge med.Spørreundersøkelsen ble gjennomført som bacheloroppgave av 3 farmasistudenter ved Høyskolen i Oslo og Akershus i samarbeid med Norges Farmaceutiske Forening våren 2013. Norske data er samlet inn og sendt til PCNE.

• Halvorsen, Kjell H.; Småbrekke, Lars & Granås, Anne Gerd (2013). Use of drugs for opeptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in older patients.
• Halvorsen, Kjell H.; Småbrekke, Lars & Granås, Anne Gerd (2013). Use of drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in older patients. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research.  ISSN 0251-1649.  35(6), s 1337- 1337
• Halvorsen, Kjell Hermann; Småbrekke, Lars & Granås, Anne Gerd (2013). Legemidler mot ulcus og gastroøsofageal reflukssykdom (GERD) hos eldre pasienter.
• Tønnesen, Eva & Granås, Anne Gerd (2013, 03. oktober). Går MOOC på farmasi. [Internett].  Khrono. Vis sammendrag

  Professor i farmasi, Anne Gerd Granås, går MOOC. Neste vår vil hennes metodekurs bli presentert som videoforelesninger der veiledere og studenter selv kan velge rekkefølgen på temaene i kurset.

• Widnes, Sofia Kristina Frost; Schjøtt, Jan & Granås, Anne Gerd (2013). Drug information in pregnancy - attitudes and needs among pregnant women and physicians.
• Granås, Anne Gerd (2012). Tverrfaglig kvalitet. Norsk Farmasøytisk Tidsskrift.  120(6), s 6- 6 Vis sammendrag

  Faglig kommentar til temanummer om legemiddelgjennomganger.

• Halvorsen, Kjell Hermann; Granås, Anne Gerd; Ruths, Sabine & Stensland, Per Steinar (2012). Drug prescribing quality for older patients. Explicit indicators and multidisiplinary medication reviews.
• Harr, Erik & Granås, Anne Gerd (2012). Apoteker i klemme mellem helse og handel. Farmaci.  ISSN 0903-9198.  (3), s 8- 11
• Nordeng, Hedvig Marie Egeland & Granås, Anne Gerd (2011). Viktig med farmasøytisk engasjement. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift.  ISSN 0029-1935.  9, s 1- 1
• Widnes, Sofia Kristina Frost; Schjøtt, Jan & Granås, Anne Gerd (2011). Risk perception and drug information needs for pregnant women with epilepsy – a qualitative study.

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